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Refrigeración radiativa pasiva por debajo de la temperatura ambiente bajo la luz solar directa
Aaswath P Raman1, Marc Abou Anoma2, Linxiao Zhu3
1Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|November 28, 2014
Resumen
La tecnología de refrigeración radiativa pasiva logra un enfriamiento significativo durante el día por debajo de las temperaturas ambientales. Esta innovación utiliza un reflector solar fotónico y un emisor térmico, ofreciendo un nuevo camino para la eficiencia energética sin entrada de electricidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- La termodinámica es la termodinámica.
- Energía Ciencias de la Energía Ciencias de la Energía
Sus antecedentes:
- La refrigeración es un importante consumidor mundial de energía y impulsa la demanda pico de electricidad, particularmente en edificios.
- Las estrategias de refrigeración pasiva ofrecen ahorros significativos de energía al reducir la entrada de electricidad.
- El enfriamiento radiativo, aprovechando la ventana de transparencia atmosférica de la Tierra, ha sido efectivo por la noche pero no durante el día.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar el enfriamiento radiativo durante el día por debajo de la temperatura del aire ambiente bajo la luz solar directa.
- Desarrollar y probar un dispositivo fotónico capaz de enfriamiento pasivo durante las horas pico de demanda.
- Explorar el uso de la frialdad del universo como un recurso termodinámico renovable para el enfriamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Demostración experimental de un dispositivo de refrigeración pasiva bajo la luz solar directa.
- Utilizando un enfoque fotónico térmico con un reflector solar fotónico integrado y un emisor térmico.
- Fabricación de un dispositivo de siete capas de HfO2 y SiO2 diseñado para reflejar la radiación solar y emitir radiación térmica dentro de la ventana de transparencia atmosférica.
Principales resultados:
- Se logra un enfriamiento radiativo de casi 5°C por debajo de la temperatura del aire ambiente bajo la luz solar directa.
- El enfriador radiativo fotónico reflejaba el 97% de la luz solar incidente.
- Ha demostrado una potencia de enfriamiento de 40,1 W/m2 a temperatura ambiente bajo intensa radiación solar (>850 W/m2).
Conclusiones:
- Un enfoque fotónico personalizado puede permitir tecnologías de enfriamiento pasivo para una mayor eficiencia energética.
- El enfriamiento radiativo durante el día por debajo de la temperatura ambiente es factible experimentalmente.
- El frío del espacio puede ser aprovechado como un recurso termodinámico renovable para la refrigeración, incluso durante el día.
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