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La reforma del sistema de salud y la cobertura universal de salud en América Latina
Rifat Atun1, Luiz Odorico Monteiro de Andrade2, Gisele Almeida3
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 3, 2014
Resumen
Los países latinoamericanos implementaron reformas en los sistemas de salud para lograr la cobertura universal de salud, centrándose en la equidad y la solidaridad. Estos esfuerzos ampliaron el acceso y mejoraron los resultados de salud para las poblaciones desfavorecidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud.
- Economía de la salud Economía de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las naciones latinoamericanas iniciaron reformas del sector social a fines de la década de 1980 para abordar la pobreza y la desigualdad.
- A partir de la década de 1990, las reformas del sistema de salud se dirigieron específicamente a reducir el acceso a la salud y las disparidades de resultados.
- Surgió un enfoque latinoamericano distinto de la cobertura universal de salud, enfatizando la equidad, la solidaridad y la acción colectiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las iniciativas de fortalecimiento del sistema de salud en América Latina destinadas a lograr la cobertura universal de salud.
- Identificar las características clave y las lecciones de la experiencia de América Latina con las reformas del sistema de salud.
- Explorar el impacto de estas reformas en la reducción de las desigualdades socioeconómicas y la mejora de los resultados de salud.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las estrategias de financiamiento gubernamental para la expansión del sistema de salud.
- Análisis de las intervenciones del lado de la oferta, incluida la cobertura de seguros y la ampliación de la prestación de servicios.
- Examen de las intervenciones del lado de la demanda dirigidas a la pobreza y los determinantes sociales de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- La financiación del gobierno facilitó la expansión de la cobertura de seguros y la mejora de los paquetes de beneficios.
- Se establecieron sistemas de salud universales financiados con impuestos en países como Brasil y Cuba.
- Las intervenciones combinadas del lado de la oferta y la demanda mejoraron el acceso de las poblaciones desfavorecidas.
Conclusiones:
- Las reformas del sistema de salud latinoamericano ofrecen valiosas lecciones para el avance global de la cobertura universal de salud.
- El enfoque de la región destaca la importancia de la equidad, la solidaridad y las intervenciones integradas.
- El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud es crucial para superar las desigualdades sociales y lograr una mejor salud para todos.
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