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La respuesta de los sistemas de salud a la violencia contra las mujeres
Claudia García-Moreno1, Kelsey Hegarty2, Ana Flavia Lucas d'Oliveira3
1Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
Resumen
Los sistemas de salud son vitales para abordar la violencia contra las mujeres. El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud con protocolos, capacitación y coordinación puede mejorar la identificación y el apoyo a los sobrevivientes, a pesar de las barreras existentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La violencia contra las mujeres (VAW) es una prioridad de salud global, reconocida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud.
- Los sistemas de salud juegan un papel crítico en las respuestas multisectoriales a la VAW.
- El progreso en el desarrollo y la implementación de respuestas del sistema de salud a la violencia de género ha sido lento, particularmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios, debido a importantes barreras sistémicas y de comportamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia para las intervenciones clínicas en el tratamiento de VAW.
- Discutir los componentes de un enfoque integral del sistema de salud para identificar y apoyar a las mujeres sometidas a pareja íntima o violencia sexual.
- Examinar diversos contextos y vías para desarrollar respuestas del sistema de salud a la violencia de género a través de estudios de casos en países.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la evidencia para las intervenciones clínicas.
- Discusión de los componentes integrales del sistema de salud.
- Análisis de cinco estudios de casos de países que ilustran enfoques variados para el desarrollo del sistema de salud para la respuesta a la violencia de género.
Principales resultados:
- Los sistemas de salud requieren fortalecimiento para abordar efectivamente la violencia de género.
- Los componentes clave incluyen protocolos claros, la creación de capacidades para los trabajadores de la salud, la coordinación interinstitucional y las redes de referencia establecidas.
- Los estudios de caso por país destacan diversas estrategias de implementación y factores contextuales que influyen en las respuestas del sistema de salud.
Conclusiones:
- A pesar de los desafíos, el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud es esencial para mejorar la respuesta a la VAW.
- Un enfoque integral que incluye protocolos, capacitación, coordinación y derivaciones capacita a los proveedores de atención médica para identificar y apoyar a los sobrevivientes.
- Se necesitan investigaciones e inversiones continuas para superar las barreras y ampliar las intervenciones efectivas del sistema de salud para las VAW.
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