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Los trabajos de verano reducen la violencia entre los jóvenes desfavorecidos
1Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. University of Chicago Crime Lab, Chicago, IL, USA. hellersa@sas.upenn.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 6, 2014
Resumen
Proporcionar trabajos de verano para jóvenes desfavorecidos reduce significativamente las detenciones por delitos violentos en un 43% en 16 meses. Este enfoque preventivo es prometedor para abordar problemas complejos como la violencia juvenil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Criminología de la Criminología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Economía La economía es la economía.
Sus antecedentes:
- La violencia juvenil es un importante problema de salud pública en los EE.UU., con más de 6000 lesiones diarias.
- La investigación existente en ciencias sociales vincula el desempleo juvenil con la delincuencia violenta.
- Los actuales programas de rehabilitación de la delincuencia para jóvenes desempleados carecen de una eficacia consistente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de un programa de trabajos de verano en la reducción de la delincuencia violenta entre los jóvenes desfavorecidos.
- Para probar una estrategia preventiva que cambia el enfoque de la remediación a la intervención temprana.
- Para determinar si las intervenciones de empleo a corto plazo producen cambios de comportamiento a largo plazo.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorio (ECA) en el que participaron 1634 estudiantes de secundaria desfavorecidos de Chicago.
- Asignación a un programa de trabajos de verano de 8 semanas.
- Seguimiento de arrestos por delitos violentos durante un período de seguimiento de 16 meses.
Principales resultados:
- La asignación al programa de trabajos de verano disminuyó la violencia en un 43% en 16 meses.
- Esto resultó en 3.95 detenciones por delitos violentos menos por cada 100 jóvenes.
- El efecto de reducción de la delincuencia se observó principalmente después de concluida la intervención de 8 semanas.
Conclusiones:
- Los programas de trabajos de verano pueden ser una estrategia efectiva y de bajo costo para reducir la violencia juvenil.
- Las intervenciones preventivas y específicas pueden generar un cambio de comportamiento significativo en problemas sociales complejos.
- Este estudio destaca el potencial de los programas de empleo para la reducción de la delincuencia y la seguridad pública.
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