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Multidecadal calentamiento de las aguas antárticas

Sunke Schmidtko¹, Karen J Heywood², Andrew F Thompson³

¹Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 24, 24105 Kiel, Germany. sschmidtko@geomar.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 6, 2014

Resumen

El calentamiento del océano antártico cerca del lecho marino está aumentando el derretimiento de las plataformas de hielo. Las aguas de profundidad media más cálidas y saladas están llegando a la plataforma continental antártica, impulsando cambios significativos en las interacciones entre el hielo oceánico y el hielo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Glaciología glaciología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las tendencias decenales en las propiedades del agua de mar antártica y sus mecanismos de conducción siguen sin estar claras.
La pérdida de masa de la capa de hielo antártica se debe principalmente al derretimiento basal de las plataformas de hielo, influenciado por las interacciones océano-hielo.
La temperatura del agua de fondo de la plataforma continental antártica (ASBW) está correlacionada con el derretimiento basal de la plataforma de hielo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para documentar a largo plazo, las tendencias a gran escala en la temperatura, la salinidad y la profundidad del núcleo en la plataforma continental antártica y la pendiente.
Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los cambios observados en las propiedades del agua de mar en la Antártida.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la distribución espacial de las tendencias decenales en la temperatura del agua de mar, la salinidad y la profundidad del núcleo.
Correlación del calentamiento del fondo marino con los cambios en las propiedades del agua de profundidad media y el derretimiento de la plataforma de hielo.

Principales resultados:

Calentamiento en el fondo marino observado en los mares de Bellingshausen y Amundsen.
Se identificó un aumento del contenido de calor y el desmonte de la temperatura máxima de la profundidad media en la ladera continental.
El agua más cálida y salada está obteniendo un mayor acceso a la plataforma continental antártica.

Conclusiones:

Las regiones que experimentan un calentamiento ASBW se correlacionan con un aumento del derretimiento de las plataformas de hielo.
Los cambios en la circulación oceánica y el contenido de calor están facilitando un mayor acceso de aguas más cálidas a la plataforma continental antártica.
Comprender estas interacciones entre el hielo oceánico es crucial para predecir la futura pérdida de masa de la capa de hielo antártica.

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