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Evolución de la nueva cabeza de vertebrado por cooptación de un antiguo tejido esquelético cordado
David Jandzik1, Aaron T Garnett2, Tyler A Square2
11] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA [2] Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia.
Nature
|December 10, 2014
Resumen
Los esqueletos de la cabeza de los vertebrados pueden haber evolucionado no a partir de nuevos tejidos, sino de la propagación de los tejidos similares al cartílago existentes. Los cambios en la regulación génica, específicamente SoxE, probablemente facilitaron esta transición evolutiva en las células de la cresta neural.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología del desarrollo evolutivo Biología del desarrollo evolutivo
- La anatomía comparada es una anatomía comparada.
- Biología de la acorde.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los esqueletos de la cabeza de los vertebrados se caracterizan por el cartílago celular, a menudo derivado de las células de la cresta neural.
- El origen evolutivo de los esqueletos de la cabeza de los vertebrados está relacionado con la aparición del cartílago derivado de la cresta neural.
- Las células de la cresta neural y su cartílago derivado se consideran únicas en los vertebrados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos del desarrollo del esqueleto de la cabeza de los vertebrados.
- Identificar potenciales precursores del cartílago de los vertebrados y las células de la cresta neural en los invertebrados.
- Comprender el papel de la regulación génica en la evolución del desarrollo del cartílago.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las larvas de Branchiostoma floridae (Florida amphioxus) para los tejidos parecidos al cartílago.
- Investigación del gen SoxE y sus elementos reguladores en la evolución de los cordados.
- Análisis comparativos genómicos y de desarrollo.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó un tejido transitorio con características de cartílago celular de vertebrados en larvas de amphioxus.
- La evidencia sugiere que el gen SoxE adquirió nuevas secuencias cis-regulatorias durante la evolución.
- La nueva expresión de SoxE en las células de la cresta neural fue dirigida por estas nuevas secuencias reguladoras.
Conclusiones:
- El esqueleto de la cabeza de los vertebrados probablemente evolucionó a través de la expansión de tejidos preexistentes parecidos al cartílago, no la invención de nuevos.
- Los cambios evolutivos en los elementos reguladores cis de genes antiguos como SoxE fueron cruciales para dirigir el desarrollo del tejido en las células de la cresta neural.
- Esto proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre el origen de las estructuras craneales de los vertebrados.
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