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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

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Overview
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans
09:06

Quantitative Approaches for Scoring in vivo Neuronal Aggregate and Organelle Extrusion in Large Exopher Vesicles in C. elegans

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Las microexones se vuelven grandes.

Li Yang1, Ling-Ling Chen2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.

Cell
|December 20, 2014
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se han identificado cientos de microexones, a menudo omitidos en los análisis. Su empalme alternativo, regulado por proteínas de unión al ARN, impacta la neurogénesis y está relacionado con el trastorno del espectro autista.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los microexones son exones cortos que a menudo se pasan por alto en los estudios del transcriptoma.
  • Investigaciones recientes destacan su significativa presencia y relevancia funcional.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para identificar y caracterizar nuevas microexones.
  • Investigar los mecanismos reguladores y el impacto funcional de los microexones en la neurogénesis.
  • Explorar el vínculo entre la mala regulación de microexones y el trastorno del espectro autista.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis del transcriptoma utilizando secuenciación de ARN.
  • Identificación bioinformática de las microexones.
  • Validación experimental de eventos alternativos de empalme.
  • Estudios funcionales en modelos neuronales.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de cientos de microexones no caracterizados anteriormente.
  • Demostración de que el empalme alternativo de microexones específicos está regulado por las proteínas neuronales de unión al ARN.
  • Evidencia de que estas microexones modulan la función de las proteínas en la neurogénesis.
  • Asociación de la mala regulación de microexones con el trastorno del espectro autista.

Conclusiones:

  • Las microexones representan un componente significativo y subestimado del transcriptoma.
  • Su empalme alternativo regulado juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo neuronal.
  • La desregulación de los microexones está implicada en la fisiopatología del trastorno del espectro autista.