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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Possibilities for future research on transposition and site-specific recombination.

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Single molecule detection of direct, homologous, DNA/DNA pairing.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
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La transposición intramolecular por Tn10

H W Benjamin1, N Kleckner

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

Cell
|October 20, 1989
PubMed
Resumen

El transposón Tn10 forma productos circulares de ADN a través de la transposición intramolecular. Las uniones no reparadas sugieren que mecanismos específicos de protección de proteínas están involucrados en este proceso no replicativo.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • Microbiología Microbiología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los transposones son elementos genéticos móviles que pueden cambiar su posición dentro de un genoma.
  • El transposón Tn10 es un ejemplo bien estudiado conocido por su mecanismo de transposición.
  • La comprensión de la transposición es crucial para la regulación génica y la estabilidad del genoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para dilucidar el mecanismo detrás de la formación de productos circulares de ADN por el transposón Tn10.
  • Para investigar los detalles moleculares de los eventos de escisión y ligadura de la hebra durante la transposición intramolecular.
  • Identificar los factores que contribuyen a la naturaleza no replicativa de la transposición de Tn10.

Principales métodos:

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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  • Análisis de productos circulares de ADN generados por el transposón Tn10.
  • Caracterización de las uniones transposón/objetivo utilizando un modelo de escisión y ligadura del ADN.
  • Investigación de las interacciones proteína-ADN en las uniones de transferencia de hebras.

Principales resultados:

  • Los productos circulares surgen de la transposición intramolecular con las uniones de transposón/objetivo sin reparar.
  • Un modelo que involucra cortes escalonados en el ADN objetivo y la escisión en los terminales del transposón predice con precisión las estructuras de unión.
  • Las uniones no ligadas están estabilizadas, lo que sugiere una protección por la transposasa y / o las proteínas del huésped.

Conclusiones:

  • La naturaleza no replicativa de la transposición de Tn10 está influenciada por la separación de la hebra de transposón no transferida.
  • Los complejos proteína-ADN en las uniones de transferencia de hebras juegan un papel crítico en la determinación del resultado de la transposición.
  • La transposición de Tn10 implica una escisión y ligadura precisas del ADN, seguidas de una estabilización mediada por proteínas de los intermediarios.