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Antibióticos para el tratamiento de la bronquitis aguda

Susan M Smith¹, John Smucny², Tom Fahey¹

¹HRB Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School, Dublin.

|December 24, 2014

Resumen

Los antibióticos para la bronquitis aguda pueden reducir ligeramente la duración de la tos y la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero no ofrecen una mejora clínica general significativa. El grupo de antibióticos experimentó más efectos adversos, particularmente problemas gastrointestinales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Práctica general Práctica general
Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Medicina de las vías respiratorias.

Sus antecedentes:

La bronquitis aguda es una enfermedad respiratoria común a menudo manejada empíricamente.
El papel de los antibióticos en el tratamiento de la bronquitis aguda sigue siendo un tema de debate clínico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la asociación entre la prescripción de antibióticos y los resultados clínicos en pacientes diagnosticados con bronquitis aguda.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio comparativo que evalúa los resultados en pacientes con bronquitis aguda que recibieron antibióticos versus aquellos que recibieron un placebo.

Principales resultados:

El uso de antibióticos se relacionó con una modesta reducción en la duración de la tos, los días en que se sentía mal y las actividades alteradas.
No se observaron diferencias significativas en la mejora clínica general o limitaciones funcionales entre los grupos de antibióticos y placebo.
Los efectos adversos, especialmente los síntomas gastrointestinales, fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de antibióticos.

Conclusiones:

Si bien los antibióticos pueden ofrecer un alivio sintomático menor para la bronquitis aguda, no conducen a beneficios clínicos generales sustanciales.
El aumento del riesgo de eventos adversos asociados con el uso de antibióticos en la bronquitis aguda merece una cuidadosa consideración.

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