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El intestino humano Bacteroidetes puede utilizar mannan de levadura a través de un mecanismo egoísta
Fiona Cuskin1,2, Elisabeth C Lowe1, Max J Temple1
1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
Nature
|January 9, 2015
Resumen
El alfa-manano de la levadura alimenta a la bacteria intestinal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. que se encuentra en el intestino. Esta bacteria descompone los glicanos de la levadura utilizando enzimas específicas, lo que afecta a la ecología intestinal humana.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Investigación del microbioma humano Investigación del microbioma humano.
- Glucobiología Glucobiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El alfa-manano de la levadura es un polisacárido complejo que se encuentra en las paredes celulares de la levadura.
- El papel de la levadura mannan en la microbiota intestinal humana sigue siendo en gran parte inexplorado.
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron es una bacteria gramnegativa prevalente en el intestino humano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la utilización de alfa-manano de levadura por las bacterias intestinales humanas.
- Para aclarar las vías metabólicas involucradas en la descomposición de mannan de la levadura por Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
- Comprender las implicaciones ecológicas del consumo de levadura mannan en la microbiota humana.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis bioquímico de la degradación del alfa-manano.
- Disrupción del gen dirigido en Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
- Experimentos de co-cultivo con bacterias intestinales.
- Comparación genómica de las especies microbianas.
Principales resultados:
- El alfa-manano de la levadura sirve como fuente de nutrientes para Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
- Un modelo para la descomposición de alfa-manano implica la escisión inicial de la superficie y la posterior despolimerización de la manosa por enzimas periplásmicas.
- B. thetaiotaomicron exhibe una estrategia catabólica "egoísta" para el mannan de levadura.
- Un subconjunto de microbios intestinales exitosos ha evolucionado para metabolizar los glicanos de levadura estéricamente obstaculizados.
Conclusiones:
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron puede metabolizar de manera eficiente el alfa-manano de la levadura.
- La capacidad de consumir glicanos de levadura puede ser una adaptación a la inclusión de la levadura en la dieta humana.
- Esta adaptación microbiana influye en la dinámica del ecosistema intestinal humano.
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