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Las expectativas de brillantez subyacen a las distribuciones de género en todas las disciplinas académicas
Sarah-Jane Leslie1, Andrei Cimpian2, Meredith Meyer3
1Department of Philosophy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 17, 2015
Resumen
Las mujeres están subrepresentadas en campos que valoran el talento innato debido a estereotipos. Este estudio encuestó a académicos, apoyando la hipótesis de creencias de habilidad específica del campo para las disparidades de género y raza en la academia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales.
- Investigación académica Investigación académica.
- Estudios de Educación Superior Estudios de Educación Superior
Sus antecedentes:
- Las disparidades de género persisten en el mundo académico, particularmente en los campos STEM.
- La representación de las mujeres varía en todas las disciplinas, con números más altos en algunas ciencias y más bajos en humanidades.
- Los estereotipos sobre el talento innato pueden contribuir a la subrepresentación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la hipótesis de que los campos que enfatizan el talento innato disuaden a las mujeres y a los afroamericanos.
- Para probar la hipótesis de creencias de habilidad específica de campo contra explicaciones alternativas para la subrepresentación.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó una encuesta a nivel nacional entre académicos.
- Datos recopilados sobre creencias sobre la importancia del talento innato para el éxito en diferentes campos académicos.
- Análisis de los resultados de la encuesta para apoyar o refutar la hipótesis de creencias de habilidad específica del campo.
Principales resultados:
- Los resultados de la encuesta apoyaron la hipótesis de las creencias de la capacidad específica del campo.
- Los campos que enfatizan el talento crudo e innato mostraron una mayor subrepresentación de las mujeres y los afroamericanos.
- La hipótesis explicó las disparidades mejor que las teorías competidoras.
Conclusiones:
- Las creencias sobre la capacidad innata están vinculadas a la subrepresentación de género y racial en el mundo académico.
- Desafiar los estereotipos basados en el talento podría mejorar la diversidad en los campos académicos.
- Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para las iniciativas de diversidad e inclusión en la educación superior.
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