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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area
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Células madre esqueléticas en el espacio y el tiempo.

Moustapha Kassem1, Paolo Bianco2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology; University Hospital of Odense, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Centre-DanStem, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cell
|January 17, 2015
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron una célula madre específica para los tejidos esqueléticos en ratones, crucial para mantener y regenerar el hueso. Este descubrimiento aclara el origen de la célula.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología esquelética Biología esquelética.
  • La investigación con células madre.
  • La medicina regenerativa es una medicina regenerativa.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La identidad precisa y la función de las células madre esqueléticas siguen siendo incompletamente entendidas.
  • Su contribución a la fisiología de los órganos y la homeostasis de los tejidos requiere una mayor aclaración.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para identificar y caracterizar la célula madre responsable de los tejidos esqueléticos.
  • Investigar el papel de estas células madre y sus progenitores en el mantenimiento y regeneración del tejido esquelético.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó modelos de ratón para identificar y aislar células madre esqueléticas.
  • Caracterizó las propiedades biológicas y las relaciones de linaje de las poblaciones de células madre identificadas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó con éxito una población distinta de células madre para tejidos esqueléticos en ratones.
  • Demostró la existencia de progenitores aguas abajo con un potencial más restringido.
  • Confirmó el papel de estas células en el mantenimiento y la regeneración de los tejidos esqueléticos.

Conclusiones:

  • En los ratones existe una célula madre esquelética específica y una jerarquía de progenitores.
  • Estas células son críticas para la homeostasis del tejido esquelético y los procesos de reparación.
  • La investigación adicional en estas células es prometedora para las terapias regenerativas.