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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Un conductor superiónico Li7P2S8I basado en yoduro.

Ezhiylmurugan Rangasamy1, Zengcai Liu, Mallory Gobet

  • 1Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 21, 2015
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un nuevo conductor de iones de litio en estado sólido, Li7P2S8I, exhibe una notable estabilidad electroquímica de hasta 10 V. Este material mejora el rendimiento de la batería de iones de litio y permite su adopción industrial a través del procesamiento a baja temperatura.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • La electroquímica es electroquímica.
  • Química del estado sólido.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los electrolitos de estado sólido son cruciales para las baterías de iones de litio de próxima generación.
  • Lograr una alta estabilidad electroquímica y una buena conductividad iónica simultáneamente sigue siendo un desafío.
  • La inestabilidad de oxidación inherente al yodo a menudo limita su uso en sistemas electroquímicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un nuevo conductor de iones de litio de estado sólido con mayor estabilidad electroquímica.
  • Investigar el papel de la incorporación de yodo en la estabilización del material y la mejora de las propiedades de la interfaz.
  • Para evaluar la capacidad de procesamiento del material para posibles aplicaciones industriales.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis del conductor de estado sólido Li(7)P(2)S(8)I a partir de β-Li(3)PS(4) y LiI.
  • Determinación de la ventana de estabilidad electroquímica utilizando voltametría cíclica hasta 10 V frente a Li/Li(+).
  • Evaluación de las propiedades interfaciales y la conductividad iónica con ánodos metálicos de litio.
  • Evaluación de la procesabilidad de la fabricación de membranas a baja temperatura.

Principales resultados:

  • El conductor Li(7)P(2)S(8)I demostró una excelente estabilidad electroquímica hasta 10 V frente a Li/Li(+).
  • La incorporación de yodo en la estructura coordinada suprimió efectivamente su inestabilidad de oxidación.
  • El material exhibió una mayor estabilidad con ánodos metálicos de litio, una cinética interfacial mejorada y una alta conductividad iónica.
  • La fabricación fácil de membranas densas se logró a través del procesamiento de membranas a baja temperatura.

Conclusiones:

  • El conductor de estado sólido Li(7)P(2)S(8)I desarrollado ofrece una solución prometedora para las baterías de iones de litio de alto voltaje.
  • Estabilizar el yodo a través de la incorporación estructural es una estrategia viable para superar sus limitaciones electroquímicas.
  • Las características de procesamiento y rendimiento del material lo hacen adecuado para la fabricación de baterías a escala industrial.