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El cráneo levantino de la cueva de Manot (Israel) presagia a los primeros humanos modernos europeos
Israel Hershkovitz1, Ofer Marder2, Avner Ayalon3
11] The Dan David Laboratory for the Search and Study of Modern Humans, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel [2] The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Nature
|January 29, 2015
Resumen
Un fragmento de cráneo de 54.7 kyr de edad de la cueva de Manot, Israel, revela los primeros humanos modernos (Homo sapiens) se expandieron desde África a Eurasia. Este hallazgo desafía las teorías anteriores sobre la evolución humana y las interacciones de los neandertales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- Arqueología Arqueología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La expansión del Homo sapiens fuera de África y a través de Eurasia es un evento fundamental en la evolución humana.
- La evidencia fósil del período comprendido entre hace 60.000 y 40.000 años es escasa, dejando a los primeros antepasados humanos modernos en gran medida desconocidos.
- Comprender esta migración es crucial para rastrear los orígenes de todas las poblaciones no africanas actuales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para describir un descubrimiento fósil significativo que arroja luz sobre la migración humana moderna temprana.
- Para analizar los aspectos morfológicos y cronológicos del Manot 1 calvaria.
- Reevaluar los modelos de evolución humana en el Levante y Europa, incluyendo las interacciones con los neandertales.
Principales métodos:
- Descubrimiento y excavación de una calvaría humana parcial en la cueva de Manot, Israel.
- Datación de uranio-torio del fósil para determinar su edad (54,7 ± 5,5 kyr bp).
- Análisis morfológico comparativo de la calvaria de Manot 1 con ejemplares recientes de Homo sapiens y Neanderthal africanos y de la antigua Eurasia.
Principales resultados:
- El Manot 1 calvaria está fechado a 54,7 ± 5,5 mil años antes del presente.
- El análisis morfológico confirma que el espécimen es inequívocamente humano moderno, con similitudes con cráneos recientes africanos y europeos del Paleolítico Superior.
- El cráneo de Manot 1 difiere de otros primeros humanos modernos encontrados en el Levante.
- Los hallazgos sugieren una estrecha relación entre la población Manot y los primeros colonizadores de Europa.
- La evidencia indica la presencia contemporánea de humanos modernos y neandertales en el sur del Levante durante la transición del Paleolítico Medio al Paleolítico Superior.
Conclusiones:
- El fósil de Manot 1 proporciona información crucial sobre la temprana expansión de los humanos modernos fuera de África.
- La población de Manot puede representar un grupo ancestral clave que más tarde pobló Europa, potencialmente anterior a la asimilación de los neandertales.
- El descubrimiento apoya la idea de que las características anatómicas atribuidas a la asimilación de los neandertales en Europa podrían haberse originado en poblaciones humanas modernas levantinas anteriores.
- Manot 1 es el único espécimen que ofrece evidencia de humanos modernos y neandertales que coexistieron en el sur del Levante cerca de la época de su cruce.
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