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La contaminación del mar. Las entradas de desechos plásticos desde la tierra hacia el océano
Jenna R Jambeck1, Roland Geyer2, Chris Wilcox3
1College of Engineering, University of Georgia, 412 Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA. jjambeck@uga.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 14, 2015
Resumen
Millones de toneladas métricas de desechos plásticos ingresan anualmente a nuestros océanos desde fuentes terrestres. La mejora de la gestión de residuos es crucial para evitar un aumento de diez veces en la contaminación plástica marina para 2025.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Gestión de la gestión de residuos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los desechos plásticos en los entornos marinos son un problema conocido, sin embargo, la contribución específica de los desechos terrestres sigue sin ser cuantificada.
- Comprender las fuentes de la contaminación plástica marina es fundamental para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de mitigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar la masa de desechos plásticos terrestres que entran en el océano.
- Identificar los factores clave que influyen en la cantidad de desechos plásticos que entran en los ecosistemas marinos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos globales sobre la generación de residuos sólidos, la densidad de población y el estado económico.
- Se vincularon estos conjuntos de datos para estimar la cantidad de desechos plásticos terrestres que entran en el océano desde 192 países costeros en 2010.
Principales resultados:
- En 2010, se estimó que se generaron 275 millones de toneladas métricas (MT) de desechos plásticos en 192 países costeros.
- Entre 4,8 y 12,7 millones de toneladas de estos desechos plásticos entraron en el océano.
- El tamaño de la población y la calidad de la infraestructura de gestión de residuos fueron los principales determinantes de la contribución de un país a los desechos plásticos marinos.
Conclusiones:
- Los desechos plásticos terrestres representan una amenaza significativa para los entornos marinos.
- Se necesitan mejoras urgentes en la infraestructura de gestión de residuos para frenar el creciente problema de la contaminación plástica marina.
- Sin intervención, el volumen de desechos plásticos terrestres que ingresan a los océanos podría multiplicarse por diez para 2025.
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