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Uso de hormonas en la menopausia y riesgo de cáncer de ovario: metaanálisis de participantes individuales de 52
Lancet (London, England)
|February 17, 2015
Resumen
El uso de la terapia hormonal en la menopausia aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de ovario, particularmente para los tipos seroso y endometrioide. Incluso después de detenerse, el riesgo de estos tipos permanece elevado hasta por una década.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud de la Mujer Salud de la Mujer.
Sus antecedentes:
- El riesgo de cáncer de ovario asociado con la terapia hormonal menopáusica (MHT) es incierto debido a estudios no publicados y posibles sesgos en la investigación retrospectiva.
- Los estudios previos sobre la MHT y el cáncer de ovario tienen limitaciones, lo que requiere una evaluación más robusta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Minimizar el sesgo y evaluar con precisión los efectos de la terapia hormonal menopáusica en el riesgo de cáncer de ovario.
- Para analizar los datos individuales de los participantes de múltiples estudios epidemiológicos para una evaluación integral.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis centralizado de conjuntos de datos de participantes individuales de 52 estudios epidemiológicos.
- Los análisis primarios se centraron en estudios prospectivos con el uso de terapia hormonal extrapolada.
- Los análisis de sensibilidad incorporaron estudios retrospectivos, utilizando regresiones de Poisson ajustadas para calcular los riesgos relativos (RR).
Principales resultados:
- El uso de terapia hormonal se asoció con un mayor riesgo de cáncer de ovario (RR 1.37).
- El riesgo fue elevado incluso con menos de 5 años de uso (RR 1.43) y persistió para los usuarios actuales o recientes.
- Se observó un mayor riesgo para los tipos de tumores serosos (RR 1.53) y endometrioides (RR 1.42), con un riesgo residual de hasta 10 años después del cese.
Conclusiones:
- El aumento observado en el riesgo de cáncer de ovario asociado con la MHT es probablemente causal.
- Cinco años de MHT iniciado alrededor de los 50 años pueden conducir a aproximadamente un cáncer de ovario adicional por cada 1000 usuarias.
- Esto se traduce en un estimado de una muerte adicional por cáncer de ovario por cada 1700 usuarias, asumiendo un pronóstico típico.
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