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Paleoantropología . El primer Homo en 2.8 Ma desde Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Etiopía
Brian Villmoare1, William H Kimbel2, Chalachew Seyoum3
1Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA. Center for the Advanced Study of Hominin Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK. brian.villmoare@unlv.edu wkimbel.iho@asu.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 6, 2015
Resumen
La evidencia fósil de Etiopía revela la primera presencia de Homo hace 2,8 millones de años. Este descubrimiento cierra la brecha en la comprensión de la evolución humana y el origen del género Homo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
- Paleontología Paleontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El origen del género Homo se entiende mal debido a un escaso registro fósil en el este de África entre hace 2.0 y 3.0 millones de años.
- La evidencia fósil existente no explica adecuadamente la transición del Australopithecus al Homo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para informar sobre el descubrimiento de una mandíbula de homínido que proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre la evolución temprana del género Homo.
- Para establecer la primera presencia conocida de Homo en el registro fósil.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación y análisis de una mandíbula parcial de homínido con dientes.
- La datación del espécimen fósil utilizando el contexto geológico.
- Comparación morfológica con especies conocidas de homínidos.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de una mandíbula de homínido en el yacimiento de Ledi-Geraru en Etiopía, fechada hace 2,80 2,75 millones de años.
- El espécimen exhibe una mezcla de rasgos primitivos similares al Australopithecus y características derivadas del Homo.
- Este hallazgo retrasa la evidencia más antigua del Homo en aproximadamente 400.000 años.
Conclusiones:
- La mandíbula de Ledi-Geraru confirma la presencia del Homo hace 2,8 millones de años.
- Las características dentognáticas que separan a Homo de Australopithecus surgieron temprano en el linaje Homo.
- El descubrimiento impacta las hipótesis con respecto al momento y el origen geográfico del género Homo.
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