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Asociación entre el peso al nacer y el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso materno posparto: un estudio de caso y

Marc Blondon¹, Bradley S Quon², Laura B Harrington²

¹From Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland (M.B., H.B.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (M.B., L.B.H., N.L.S.); Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (B.S.Q.); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (N.L.S.); and Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA (N.L.S.). marc.blondon@hcuge.ch.

|March 7, 2015

Resumen

Dar a luz a un recién nacido de bajo peso al nacer aumenta significativamente el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) posparto materno tres veces. Este hallazgo es crucial para evaluar el riesgo de TEV durante el parto.

Área de la Ciencia:

Obstetricia y Ginecología.
La medicina materno-fetal es una de ellas.
Investigación de la trombosis.

Sus antecedentes:

El tromboembolismo venoso posparto (TEV) es una complicación grave y prevenible con una morbilidad significativa.
Comprender los factores de riesgo de TEV posparto es esencial para la salud materna.
El peso al nacer del recién nacido como un factor de riesgo para la TEV materna requiere más investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre el peso al nacer del recién nacido (bajo o alto) y el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso posparto materno (TEV).
Evaluar si el parto a término de un recién nacido de bajo o alto peso al nacer aumenta el riesgo de TEV en las madres.

Principales métodos:

Estudio de caso y control basado en la población en el estado de Washington (1987-2011).
Casos identificados de TEV dentro de los 3 meses posteriores al parto utilizando los códigos de la CIE-9.
Controles emparejados (mujeres posparto sin TEV) por año de nacimiento; peso al nacer y datos maternos extraídos de los certificados de nacimiento.

Principales resultados:

Las madres que dieron a luz a recién nacidos de bajo peso al nacer (<2500g) tenían un riesgo tres veces mayor de TEV (OR, 2.98; IC del 95%, 1.80-4.93) en comparación con el peso normal al nacer.
Las madres que dieron a luz a recién nacidos de alto peso al nacer (>4000g) tuvieron un riesgo ligeramente mayor de TEV (OR, 1.26; IC del 95%, 0.99-1.61), que se atenuó después de los ajustes.
Los casos de TEV eran mayores, tenían un IMC más alto y más complicaciones del embarazo que los controles.

Conclusiones:

El parto de un recién nacido de bajo peso al nacer es un factor de riesgo significativo para la TEV posparto materna.
La asociación entre el parto con bajo peso al nacer y el aumento del riesgo de TEV debe considerarse en la evaluación del riesgo clínico.
Investigaciones adicionales pueden explorar los mecanismos subyacentes que vinculan el parto de bajo peso al VTE materno.

Palabras clave:

embolia por embolia, es decir, el embolismo.epidemiología de la epidemiología.embarazo embarazo embarazo embarazo embarazo embarazo embarazo factores de riesgo de los factores de riesgo.La trombosis es una trombosis.

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