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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
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La osteoartritis es una enfermedad de la artrosis.

S Glyn-Jones1, A J R Palmer1, R Agricola2

  • 1Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 10, 2015
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La osteoartritis (OA) causa dolor y discapacidad generalizados. El diagnóstico temprano y los tratamientos para preservar las articulaciones son cruciales, pero los métodos actuales para detectar la artrosis temprana y su progresión siguen siendo limitados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Reumatología y Ortopedia.
  • Epidemiología de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La osteoartritis (OA) es una de las principales causas de dolor, discapacidad y carga económica a nivel mundial.
  • Su compleja epidemiología involucra factores genéticos, biológicos y biomecánicos, que varían según la articulación.
  • Los tratamientos actuales se centran en la enfermedad en etapa terminal (reemplazo de articulaciones), con resultados funcionales limitados y longevidad de la prótesis.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Abordar el cambio hacia la prevención y el tratamiento temprano de la osteoartritis.
  • Para resaltar los desafíos en el diagnóstico temprano de OA debido a las limitaciones de las imágenes convencionales.
  • Explorar el potencial de nuevas medidas de diagnóstico y de resultados para la OA temprana.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la comprensión actual de la epidemiología de la osteoartritis y los factores de riesgo.
  • Evaluación de las limitaciones de las imágenes convencionales para la detección temprana de enfermedades.
  • Evaluación de los avances emergentes en imágenes y marcadores bioquímicos para el diagnóstico de OA.
  • Resumen general de las intervenciones de conservación conjunta en el desarrollo, incluidos los enfoques de estilo de vida, farmacéuticos y quirúrgicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Las imágenes convencionales solo detectan osteoartritis avanzada, y el dolor no siempre se correlaciona con daños estructurales.
  • Los avances en imágenes y marcadores bioquímicos son prometedores para el diagnóstico precoz y el monitoreo de la eficacia del tratamiento.
  • Se están investigando varias intervenciones para preservar las articulaciones, pero pocas han demostrado la capacidad de detener o retrasar la progresión de la enfermedad.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe una necesidad crítica de mejores métodos para diagnosticar y manejar la osteoartritis en etapa temprana.
  • Las tecnologías emergentes ofrecen potencial para una detección más temprana y una mejor evaluación de los resultados.
  • Se requiere más investigación para validar e implementar estrategias efectivas de preservación conjunta para retrasar la progresión de la OA.