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Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Integrins01:10

Integrins

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

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Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Analyzing Cell Surface Adhesion Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Tension Using Magnetic Beads
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MAP4K4 regula la unión integrina-FERM para controlar la motilidad de las células endoteliales.

Philip Vitorino1, Stacey Yeung1, Ailey Crow1

  • 1Molecular Biology Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.

Nature
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Resumen

Una nueva vía molecular que involucra a MAP4K4, moesina, talina y β1-integrina es crucial para la migración de las células endoteliales y la retracción de la membrana. Esta vía regula el movimiento celular y la formación de vasos sanguíneos, ofreciendo un potencial objetivo terapéutico.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Investigación de la angiogénesis Investigación de la angiogénesis

Sus antecedentes:

  • La migración celular es un proceso complejo esencial para el desarrollo y la enfermedad.
  • Comprender los mecanismos moleculares de la migración de las células endoteliales es fundamental para controlar la angiogénesis.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar actores moleculares clave que regulan la retracción de la membrana plasmática durante la migración de las células endoteliales.
  • Para aclarar el papel funcional de la vía MAP4K4-moesin-talin-β1-integrina en la migración celular y la angiogénesis.

Principales métodos:

  • Las pantallas de angiogénesis in vitro utilizan ARN corto de interferencia (siRNA) y inhibidores químicos.
  • Análisis de la fosforilación de proteínas y las interacciones proteína-proteína.
  • Ensayos in vitro e in vivo para evaluar la migración celular, la dinámica de la membrana y la angiogénesis.
  • Análisis de epistasis para determinar el orden de los eventos moleculares.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificó una vía MAP4K4-moesin-talin-β1-integrina, que promueve la retracción de la membrana plasmática en las células endoteliales migratorias.
  • La pérdida de MAP4K4 alteró la migración de las células endoteliales, redujo la dinámica de la membrana y inhibió la angiogénesis in vitro e in vivo.
  • MAP4K4 fosforila la moesina, que luego compite con el talino para la unión a la β1-integrina, lo que facilita el desmontaje de la adhesión focal.
  • El bloqueo de la α5β1-integrina revirtió los defectos de migración causados por la pérdida de MAP4K4.
  • La inhibición de MAP4K4 suprimió la angiogénesis patológica en modelos de enfermedades.

Conclusiones:

  • MAP4K4 es un regulador clave de la migración de las células endoteliales a través de la vía de la moesina-talina-β1-integrina.
  • Esta vía es esencial para una eficiente retracción de la membrana y el desmontaje de la adhesión focal.
  • MAP4K4 representa un objetivo terapéutico prometedor para enfermedades que involucran angiogénesis patológica.