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Hojas de hielo. hojas de hielo. La pérdida de volumen de las plataformas de hielo antárticas se está acelerando

Fernando S Paolo¹, Helen A Fricker², Laurie Padman³

¹Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. fpaolo@ucsd.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 28, 2015

Resumen

Las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida están perdiendo rápidamente volumen, acelerando la descarga de hielo al océano. Los datos satelitales revelan un adelgazamiento significativo, especialmente en la Antártida Occidental, que amenaza el aumento futuro del nivel del mar.

Área de la Ciencia:

Glaciología y Ciencias del Clima.
Observación de la Tierra y teledetección.

Sus antecedentes:

Las plataformas de hielo flotantes actúan como contrafuertes cruciales, ralentizando el flujo de hielo a tierra hacia el océano.
El adelgazamiento de la plataforma de hielo disminuye este efecto de apoyo, lo que lleva a un aumento de la descarga de hielo y al aumento potencial del nivel del mar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cuantificar los cambios a escala decadal en el espesor y el volumen de la plataforma de hielo antártica.
Evaluar la aceleración de la pérdida de hielo y sus variaciones regionales durante un período de 18 años.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó 18 años de continuas observaciones altimétricas de radar por satélite.
Cambios calculados a escala decadal en el espesor de la plataforma de hielo en todo el continente antártico.

Principales resultados:

La pérdida promedio de volumen de la plataforma de hielo se aceleró significativamente de 25 ± 64 km3 / año (1994-2003) a 310 ± 74 km3 / año (2003-2012).
Las pérdidas de la plataforma de hielo de la Antártida Occidental aumentaron en aproximadamente un 70% en la última década.
Las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida Oriental pasaron de ganar volumen a perderlo; algunas plataformas en las regiones de Amundsen y Bellingshausen perdieron hasta un 18% de espesor.

Conclusiones:

Las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida están experimentando una pérdida de volumen acelerada, lo que indica un debilitamiento del efecto de apuntalamiento.
Los cambios observados, particularmente en la Antártida Occidental, significan un cambio crítico con implicaciones potenciales para el nivel global del mar.

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