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Nuevas edades de entierro cosmogónico para el Australopithecus miembro 2 de Sterkfontein y el Oldowan miembro 5 de
Darryl E Granger1, Ryan J Gibbon2, Kathleen Kuman3
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
Nature
|April 2, 2015
Resumen
Se encuentra en Sterkfontein.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología y geología de los sitios de homínidos sudafricanos.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las cuevas de Sterkfontein albergan ricos fósiles de Australopithecus y las primeras herramientas de piedra.
- Estudios cronológicos previos en Sterkfontein se han enfrentado a la controversia debido al complejo relleno de cuevas y las incertidumbres de datación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Establecer una cronología confiable para los rellenos de la cueva de Sterkfontein, en particular para el esqueleto StW 573 ("pie pequeño") y las primeras herramientas de piedra.
- Para resolver las discrepancias en los métodos de datación anteriores y proporcionar edades exactas para los descubrimientos clave de fósiles y artefactos.
Principales métodos:
- La datación del entierro isócrono utilizando los isótopos cosmogénicos Aluminio-26 y Berilio-10.
- Análisis de la reelaboración de sedimentos para garantizar la integridad de las muestras de datación.
Principales resultados:
- La breccia que contiene el esqueleto de StW 573 se depositó hace 3.67 ± 0.16 millones de años, lo que indica que es contemporánea con el temprano Australopithecus afarensis.
- Las primeras herramientas de piedra en Sterkfontein datan de hace 2,18 ± 0,21 millones de años, lo que coincide con la industria de Oldowan.
Conclusiones:
- La nueva datación resuelve debates cronológicos de larga data en Sterkfontein.
- Los hallazgos sitúan la actividad temprana de los homínidos y el uso de herramientas en Sudáfrica dentro de un marco temporal más preciso, que se correlaciona con los descubrimientos de África Oriental.
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