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Interacción y señalización entre un fitoplancton cosmopolita y las bacterias asociadas

S A Amin¹, L R Hmelo², H M van Tol³

¹1] School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Chemistry Faculty, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

|May 29, 2015

Resumen

Las diatomeas marinas y las bacterias participan en el intercambio de nutrientes, con bacterias que promueven el crecimiento de las diatomeas utilizando la hormona ácido indole-3-acético. Este descubrimiento revela una compleja señalización microbiana en los ecosistemas oceánicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología marina microbiología marina.
Interacciones entre el fitoplancton y las bacterias.
Los ciclos biogeoquímicos son ciclos biogeoquímicos.

Sus antecedentes:

Las comunidades microbianas marinas, en particular los consorcios de fitoplancton-bacterias, influyen significativamente en los ecosistemas oceánicos.
Las diatomeas, los principales productores primarios, interactúan con bacterias específicas, pero los mecanismos siguen siendo en gran parte desconocidos.
La comprensión de estas interacciones es crucial para la red alimenticia marina y la investigación del ciclo biogeoquímico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para dilucidar los mecanismos de interacción entre una diatomea distribuida globalmente y su consorcio bacteriano asociado.
Identificar especies bacterianas y moléculas específicas que median el crecimiento de las diatomeas y el intercambio de nutrientes.
Evaluar la prevalencia de estas vías de señalización en entornos marinos.

Principales métodos:

Cultivo de un consorcio bacteriano de diatomeas.
Análisis de metabolitos para identificar los compuestos intercambiados.
Análisis del metatranscriptoma para estudiar la expresión génica.
Cuantificación de hormonas e investigación de las vías de síntesis.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó una especie de Sulfitobacter que promueve la división celular de las diatomeas.
La producción bacteriana de ácido indol-3-acético (IAA), utilizando triptófano endógeno y secretado por diatomeas, se confirmó como el mecanismo promotor del crecimiento.
Se observó un complejo intercambio de nutrientes, que involucra compuestos organosulfurados excretados por las diatomeas y amoníaco bacteriano.
Se detectó la producción generalizada de AAI por bacterias relacionadas con Sulfitobacter en entornos costeros.

Conclusiones:

Las interacciones entre diatomeas marinas y Sulfitobacter son mediadas por infoquímicos, específicamente IAA, que facilitan el intercambio de nutrientes y promueven el crecimiento de las diatomeas.
Este estudio destaca el papel de la señalización hormonal en la estructuración de las comunidades microbianas marinas.
Los hallazgos sugieren que tales interacciones basadas en información química son frecuentes en los ecosistemas marinos costeros, lo que afecta a la producción primaria y las redes alimentarias.

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