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La violencia en los Estados Unidos: situación, desafíos y oportunidades
Steven A Sumner1, James A Mercy2, Linda L Dahlberg2
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia2Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|August 5, 2015
Resumen
La violencia interpersonal sigue siendo un problema importante de salud pública en los Estados Unidos, a pesar de algunas reducciones en las tasas de homicidios y agresiones. Las estrategias efectivas de prevención, incluidos los programas basados en la familia y la escuela, son cruciales para abordar este problema complejo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Criminología
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- La violencia interpersonal, que abarca el abuso infantil, la violencia de pareja y el abuso de ancianos, afecta a millones de personas anualmente en los Estados Unidos.
- Los esfuerzos actuales de prevención de la violencia a menudo carecen de colaboración intersectorial y de conocimiento de estrategias efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la carga de la violencia interpersonal en los Estados Unidos.
- Identificar los retos y las oportunidades en la prevención de la violencia.
- Resaltar el papel de los profesionales de la salud en la lucha contra la violencia.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia de la salud y de las fuerzas del orden.
- La inclusión de datos del Sistema Nacional de Estadísticas Vitales, los Informes Uniformes de Delitos del FBI y la Encuesta Nacional de Víctimas del Crimen.
- Revisión de los datos de las encuestas especializadas sobre maltrato infantil, violencia de pareja y comportamientos de riesgo juveniles.
Principales resultados:
- La tasa de homicidios y agresiones agravadas ha disminuido, pero cada año se producen más de 16.000 homicidios y 1,6 millones de lesiones no mortales.
- Millones de adultos y niños sufren violencia, y la falta de información a las autoridades es un problema importante.
- La exposición a la violencia está relacionada con resultados adversos de salud mental y física a largo plazo, con notables disparidades raciales/étnicas.
Conclusiones:
- Si bien se han logrado avances en la reducción de las tasas de violencia interpersonal, persiste una carga sustancial.
- Las estrategias de prevención efectivas incluyen programas centrados en los padres, educación infantil temprana, intervenciones basadas en la escuela y políticas públicas.
- Los proveedores de atención médica son esenciales para identificar, prevenir y responder a la violencia interpersonal.
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