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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
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Origen endosimbiótico y pérdida diferencial de genes eucariotas
Chuan Ku1, Shijulal Nelson-Sathi1, Mayo Roettger1
1Institute of Molecular Evolution, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Nature
|August 20, 2015
Resumen
El origen de los orgánulos eucariotas como los cloroplastos y las mitocondrias implicó la transferencia episódica de genes de las bacterias. La mayoría de la herencia génica eucariota es vertical, con un impacto limitado a largo plazo de la transferencia génica lateral continua.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- La genómica
- Biología celular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cloroplastos y las mitocondrias se originaron de las cianobacterias endosimbióticas y las proteobacterias, respectivamente.
- Estos orgánulos conservan la bioquímica procariótica, pero tienen genomas reducidos, con la mayoría de las proteínas codificadas por genes nucleares.
- La teoría endosimbiótica sugiere que los genes entraron en los genomas eucariotas a través de los antepasados de los orgánulos, prediciendo la afluencia episódica de genes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diferenciar entre la transferencia episódica de genes vinculada a la endosimbiosis y la transferencia lateral continua de genes en eucariotas.
- Analizar la historia evolutiva de las familias de genes eucariotas con homólogos procariotas.
- Comprender el impacto a largo plazo de la transferencia de genes en la evolución del genoma eucariota.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de agrupación de familias de genes eucariotas.
- Análisis filogenético de las familias de genes eucariotas con homólogos procariotas.
- Genómica comparativa y análisis de la distribución de genes.
Principales resultados:
- La transferencia de genes de las bacterias a los eucariotas es episódica, coincidiendo con el origen de los cloroplastos y las mitocondrias.
- La herencia génica eucariota es principalmente vertical, con la pérdida de genes que explica las distribuciones escasas.
- La transferencia génica lateral continua tiene un papel limitado en la evolución del genoma eucariota a largo plazo.
Conclusiones:
- El mecanismo principal para la adquisición de genes bacterianos en eucariotas es la transferencia episódica durante eventos endosimbióticos.
- La herencia vertical y la pérdida diferencial de genes son los principales impulsores del contenido del genoma eucariota.
- La transferencia génica lateral continua no moldea significativamente la evolución del genoma eucariota a largo plazo.
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