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Necesidad de cirugía en una población que envejece: una encuesta por grupos de hogares en Nepal
Barclay T Stewart1, Even Wong2, Shailvi Gupta3
1Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 28, 2015
Resumen
Las necesidades quirúrgicas no están cubiertas en Nepal
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- Epidemiología quirúrgica
- Medicina para la edad avanzada
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento de la población mundial aumenta la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles, especialmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- Una parte significativa de esta carga puede tratarse o paliarse con cirugía.
- La extensión de las necesidades quirúrgicas entre los ancianos en Nepal sigue siendo en gran medida no cuantificada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la prevalencia de enfermedades tratables quirúrgicamente en personas de 50 años o más en Nepal.
- Identificar las barreras para acceder a la atención quirúrgica dentro de este grupo demográfico.
- Informar estrategias de salud pública para mejorar el acceso quirúrgico para los ancianos.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo una encuesta comunitaria utilizando la herramienta validada de Evaluación de la Necesidad Quirúrgica de Cirujanos de Ultramar (SOSAS).
- El estudio empleó una estrategia de muestreo de 30 hogares en un grupo aleatorio de 30 hogares en dos etapas.
- Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado verbal, seguido de la recopilación de datos demográficos de los hogares, la autopsia verbal y los exámenes de la cabeza a los pies para detectar afecciones quirúrgicas.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente 1,25 millones de personas mayores en Nepal tienen una condición que puede tratarse quirúrgicamente.
- Las afecciones más comunes incluyen tumores/masas (25%), lesiones/fracturas, deformidades adquiridas (13%), e incontinencia (11%).
- La alfabetización y la distancia a las instalaciones de atención médica fueron barreras significativas para la atención, con un 19% de las muertes potencialmente prevenibles mediante cirugía.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una necesidad sustancial de cirugía no cubierta entre la población de edad avanzada en Nepal.
- Mejorar el acceso a los servicios quirúrgicos requiere abordar barreras como la alfabetización y la distancia geográfica.
- El fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud es crucial para satisfacer las crecientes demandas quirúrgicas de una población global que envejece.
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