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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Associated Chromosome Trap for Identifying Long-range DNA Interactions
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Un asunto de cromatina a larga distancia

Annette Denker1, Wouter de Laat1

  • 1Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Cell
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Resumen

Los cambios en los sitios de unión del factor de transcripción alteran la composición de la cromatina tanto cercana como lejana. Estos cambios coordinados son impulsados por interacciones espaciales de cromatina que forman módulos reguladores en el genoma humano.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología molecular
  • La epigenética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los sitios de unión del factor de transcripción son cruciales para la regulación de los genes.
  • Los cambios en la composición de la cromatina pueden afectar la expresión génica.
  • Las interacciones genómicas de largo alcance juegan un papel en la organización del genoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos que vinculan los cambios en el sitio de unión del factor de transcripción con las alteraciones en la composición de la cromatina.
  • Explorar si estas alteraciones ocurren localmente y en sitios genómicos distantes.
  • Identificar el papel de las interacciones de la cromatina espacial en la mediación de estos efectos.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de las secuencias de unión del factor de transcripción.

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  • Perfiles de composición de la cromatina.
  • Evaluación de las interacciones cromatínicas de largo alcance (por ejemplo, utilizando Hi-C).

    • Principales resultados:

    • Los cambios en las secuencias de unión del factor de transcripción se correlacionan con la composición alterada de la cromatina.
    • Esta concordancia se extiende a regiones genómicas a cientos de kilobases de distancia de los sitios de unión.
    • Se identificaron las interacciones espaciales de la cromatina como el mecanismo mediador.

    Conclusiones:

    • Las interacciones espaciales de la cromatina son mediadores clave de los cambios coordinados de la cromatina en todo el genoma.
    • Estas interacciones forman módulos reguladores funcionales dentro del genoma humano.
    • Comprender estas interacciones es vital para descifrar la regulación genética y la organización del genoma.