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Trastornos por consumo de alcohol

Jason P Connor1, Paul S Haber2, Wayne D Hall3

  • 1Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 8, 2015
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los médicos pueden ayudar a controlar los trastornos por consumo de alcohol ofreciendo intervenciones breves, que son efectivas para casos leves y pueden fomentar el tratamiento de los trastornos graves por consumo de alcohol. La reducción del estigma y la adopción de enfoques pragmáticos son cruciales para la gestión eficaz a largo plazo y la participación en el tratamiento.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina para la adicción
  • Salud pública
  • La psiquiatría

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los trastornos por consumo de alcohol (AUD) son prevalentes en todo el mundo, influenciados por la disponibilidad y la promoción.
  • Si bien los DIU leves pueden desaparecer, las formas graves requieren una intervención médica y psicológica sostenida.
  • El diagnóstico y el tratamiento retrasados son comunes a pesar del papel potencial de los proveedores de atención médica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Resaltar el papel de los profesionales de la salud en la evaluación y el manejo oportunistas de los AUD.
  • Hacer hincapié en la eficacia de las breves intervenciones conductuales en la atención primaria para el consumo de bebidas peligrosas y los AUD leves.
  • Abogar por enfoques pragmáticos y reducción del estigma para mejorar la búsqueda de tratamiento y el compromiso para los AUD graves.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de las prácticas actuales en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los trastornos por consumo de alcohol.
  • Análisis de la eficacia de las breves intervenciones conductuales en los entornos de atención primaria.
  • Discusión de las estrategias de tratamiento, incluidas las opciones psicológicas y farmacológicas, y la importancia de la participación del paciente.

Principales resultados:

  • Las breves intervenciones conductuales son efectivas para los bebedores peligrosos y los AUD leves en la atención primaria.
  • Estas intervenciones pueden facilitar el inicio del tratamiento más temprano para las personas con AUD más graves.
  • La abstinencia sostenida es el resultado óptimo para los AUD graves, pero la participación en cualquier tratamiento efectivo es primordial.

Conclusiones:

  • Los proveedores de atención médica son cruciales para la identificación temprana y el manejo de los AUD.
  • La reducción del estigma y la adopción de enfoques de tratamiento flexibles son esenciales para mejorar los resultados.
  • La investigación futura debe priorizar la mejora del diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las personas con trastornos mentales y de consumo de sustancias comórbidos.