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Desigualdad y visibilidad de la riqueza en redes sociales experimentales
Akihiro Nishi1,2, Hirokazu Shirado1,2, David G Rand1,3,4
1Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Nature
|September 10, 2015
Resumen
La visibilidad de la riqueza amplifica la desigualdad económica en las redes sociales. Hacer visible la riqueza reduce la cooperación y la riqueza en general, especialmente en las sociedades desiguales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias sociales
- Economía del comportamiento
- Ciencia de las redes
Sus antecedentes:
- Los humanos muestran una preferencia por la igualdad de recursos, sin embargo, la desigualdad económica persiste en todas las sociedades.
- Comprender los impulsores y los impactos de la disparidad económica es crucial para la política social y económica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la desigualdad económica y la visibilidad de la riqueza influyen en las interacciones sociales y la distribución de los recursos.
- Determinar las consecuencias de los diferentes niveles de desigualdad económica inicial y de visibilidad de la riqueza en la cooperación y el bienestar.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó un experimento de juego de bienes públicos en red con 1.462 sujetos.
- Distribución de riqueza inicial manipulada (coeficientes de Gini de 0.0, 0.2, 0.4) y visibilidad de la riqueza entre los vecinos de la red.
Principales resultados:
- La visibilidad de la riqueza exacerbó la desigualdad en redes inicialmente desiguales, impulsadas por respuestas diferentes de individuos más ricos y más pobres.
- El aumento de la visibilidad de la riqueza condujo a una disminución de la cooperación, una menor interconexión y una menor riqueza general.
- La alta desigualdad económica inicial solo tuvo efectos negativos mínimos en el bienestar.
Conclusiones:
- La visibilidad de la riqueza actúa como un amplificador significativo de los efectos posteriores de la desigualdad económica.
- Las políticas destinadas a reducir la desigualdad deben tener en cuenta el impacto de la transparencia y el flujo de información.
- Las intervenciones para promover la cooperación y el bienestar pueden verse socavadas por la ostentación de la riqueza.
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