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Controles litosféricos en la composición de magma a lo largo de la pista de punto caliente continental más larga de
D R Davies1, N Rawlinson2, G Iaffaldano1
1Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
Nature
|September 15, 2015
Resumen
El grosor litosférico controla la composición y el volumen del magma en los puntos calientes continentales. La litosfera más gruesa conduce a brechas volcánicas o a un vulcanismo único que contiene leucitita, lo que demuestra su influencia en el derretimiento del penacho del manto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Tierra
- Volcanología
- Geoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los puntos calientes son regiones volcánicas no relacionadas con los límites de las placas tectónicas, a menudo explicadas por plumas de manto.
- Las columnas de manto son surgimientos flotantes que traen material caliente del manto profundo de la Tierra a la superficie.
- Se teoriza que el grosor litosférico influye en la altura de la subida del penacho y la geoquímica del magma, pero la evidencia es limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la relación entre el grosor de la litosfera y la composición del magma a lo largo de la pista de Cosgrove en Australia.
- Determinar las profundidades de fusión del penacho debajo de una trayectoria de punto caliente continental utilizando datos geológicos y geofísicos integrados.
- Proporcionar restricciones observacionales sobre la influencia del grosor de la litosfera en los magmas derivados de las plumas.
Principales métodos:
- Integración de la geología de superficie, geocronología y reconstrucciones de movimiento de placas.
- Análisis de los datos geoquímicos, incluidas las concentraciones de oligoelementos.
- Interpretación de datos sísmicos para evaluar el grosor de la litosfera.
Principales resultados:
- Existe una fuerte correlación entre el grosor litosférico y la composición de magma a lo largo de la pista de Cosgrove.
- Los magmas basálticos se forman donde la litosfera < 110 km; las brechas volcánicas ocurren donde la litosfera > 150 km.
- El grosor litosférico intermedio se correlaciona con el volcanismo de bajo volumen que contiene leucitita.
Conclusiones:
- El grosor litosférico es un control primario sobre el grado de fusión parcial de las plumas del manto.
- Este estudio proporciona las primeras restricciones observacionales sobre las profundidades de fusión del penacho subcontinental.
- El grosor de la litosfera influye significativamente en el volumen y la composición química del volcanismo en los puntos calientes.
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