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La escisión de GSDMD por caspasas inflamatorias determina la muerte celular piróptica
Jianjin Shi1,2, Yue Zhao2, Kun Wang2
1Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, China.
Nature
|September 17, 2015
Resumen
Las caspasas inflamatorias activan la piroptosis mediante la escisión de la gasdermina D (GSDMD), una proteína inmune clave. Esta escisión libera GSDMD
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología celular
- Mecanismos moleculares
Sus antecedentes:
- Las caspasas inflamatorias (caspasa-1, -4, -5, -11) son vitales para la inmunidad innata y desencadenan la piroptosis.
- El mecanismo preciso por el cual las caspasas inflamatorias inducen la piroptosis seguía siendo en gran medida desconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el mecanismo molecular de la inducción de la piroptosis por caspasas inflamatorias.
- Identificar los factores huéspedes clave que median la caspasa-11 y la piroptosis inducida por la caspasa-1.
Principales métodos:
- Las pantallas CRISPR-Cas9 de todo el genoma en macrófagos de médula ósea de ratón.
- Análisis de la inducción de la piroptosis y la liberación de la interleucina-1β en las células deficientes en GSDMD.
- Ensayos bioquímicos para determinar los sitios de escisión de la caspasa inflamatoria en las proteínas de la familia de la gasdermina.
Principales resultados:
- La gasdermina D (GSDMD) fue identificada como un mediador crítico de la piroptosis.
- Las células deficientes de GSDMD fueron resistentes a la piroptosis inducida por el LPS y los ligandos inflamatorios.
- Caspase-1 y caspase-4/5/11 se dividen específicamente GSDMD, liberando su dominio N-terminal que induce la piroptosis.
- Las mutaciones de ganancia de función en GSDMA3 también revelaron actividad inductora de piroptosis de su dominio N-terminal.
Conclusiones:
- El GSDMD es el ejecutor directo de la piroptosis inflamatoria mediada por la caspasa.
- La escisión de GSDMD por caspasas inflamatorias es esencial y suficiente para la piroptosis.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan un vínculo mecanicista entre los inflamasomas, las caspasas y la muerte celular programada.
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