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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor
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Un código molecular para la identidad en el sistema vomeronasal

Xiaoyan Fu1, Yuetian Yan2, Pei S Xu1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Cell
|October 6, 2015
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron las señales olfativas clave en la orina del ratón utilizando la correspondencia de la actividad de los componentes (CAM). Este método reveló nuevos ácidos carboxílicos esteroideos, cruciales para los comportamientos sociales y la comprensión de la comunicación olfativa de los mamíferos.

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In-depth Physiological Analysis of Defined Cell Populations in Acute Tissue Slices of the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Olfato de los mamíferos
  • Neuroetología
  • Ecología química

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las interacciones sociales de los mamíferos dependen de las señales olfativas para el reconocimiento individual.
  • La identificación de compuestos de señalización específicos dentro de mezclas complejas de aromas es un desafío significativo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un nuevo método para identificar ligandos olfativos clave a partir de mezclas complejas.
  • Caracterizar las bases moleculares de la comunicación olfativa social en ratones.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló la correspondencia de actividad de componentes (CAM) para vincular compuestos químicos a patrones de actividad neuronal.
  • Analizó orina de ratón de ocho sexos y cepas.
  • Se registra la actividad de las neuronas sensoriales vomeronasales.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron 23 ligandos candidatos que explican la actividad en siete de las ocho clases de neuronas sensoriales vomeronasales.
  • Descubrió ácidos carboxílicos esteroideos como nuevos ligandos vomeronasales específicos para mujeres.
  • Se demostró que estos ligandos influyen en los comportamientos de investigación y montaje masculinos hacia los olores femeninos.

Conclusiones:

  • La correspondencia de la actividad del componente (CAM) es efectiva para identificar los ligandos olfativos relevantes desde el punto de vista del comportamiento.
  • Los ácidos carboxílicos esteroideos juegan un papel importante en la comunicación olfativa social del ratón.
  • Este trabajo avanza en la caracterización de las señales moleculares en el olfato de los mamíferos.