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Relación dosis-respuesta entre la actividad física y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca: un metanálisis

Ambarish Pandey¹, Sushil Garg¹, Monica Khunger¹

¹From Division of Cardiology (A.P., C.A., D.J.K., J.A.d.L., J.D.B.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.D.), and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.A., J.D.B.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis (S.G.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.K.); and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Library, Dallas (H.G.M.).

|October 7, 2015

Resumen

La actividad física regular reduce significativamente el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca. Los niveles de PA más altos que las directrices mínimas ofrecen una mayor protección contra el desarrollo de HF.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología
La medicina preventiva
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Investigaciones anteriores indican una relación inversa entre la actividad física y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca.
Anteriormente no se había realizado un análisis cuantitativo exhaustivo de esta asociación dosis-respuesta.

Objetivo del estudio:

Realizar un metanálisis que evalúe la relación dosis-respuesta cuantitativa entre la actividad física (AP) y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca (IH).
Determinar el impacto de los diferentes niveles de PA en el HF incidente.

Principales métodos:

Revisión sistemática y metanálisis de 12 estudios prospectivos de cohorte.
Criterios de inclusión: participantes mayores de 18 años, PA al inicio del estudio y HF incidente.
Análisis utilizando efectos aleatorios y modelos generalizados de regresión de mínimos cuadrados.

Principales resultados:

El estudio incluyó a 370.460 participantes con 20.203 eventos de HF.
Los niveles más altos de PA mostraron una relación de riesgo combinado de 0,70 (95% IC, 0,67-0,73) para el riesgo de HF.
La PA a dos veces y cuatro veces los niveles mínimos de orientación (1000 y 2000 MET-min/semana) mostró reducciones de riesgo sustanciales (HR 0,81 y 0,65, respectivamente).

Conclusiones:

Existe una relación dosis-respuesta inversa entre la actividad física y el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca.
La superación de las pautas mínimas de AP se asocia con reducciones más significativas en el riesgo de HF.
Los niveles más altos de actividad física son cruciales para mitigar sustancialmente el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca.

Palabras clave:

ejercicio insuficiencia cardíaca Metanálisis Prevención y control

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