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Identificación de un nuevo gen que codifica una proteína transportadora de glucosa sensible a la insulina
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Cell
|April 21, 1989
Resumen
La insulina estimula rápidamente el transporte de glucosa al promover el movimiento de una nueva proteína transportadora de glucosa a la superficie celular en los tejidos clave. Esta proteína es crucial para la absorción de azúcar regulada por la insulina en las células musculares y grasas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
- Fisiología celular La fisiología celular.
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La insulina es una hormona clave que regula el metabolismo de la glucosa.
- El transporte de glucosa a las células es un paso crítico en la producción de energía celular.
- Las proteínas transportadoras específicas de glucosa median la absorción de glucosa estimulada por la insulina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Clonar y caracterizar una nueva proteína transportadora de glucosa involucrada en la acción de la insulina.
- Para investigar la expresión específica del tejido y las propiedades funcionales de este transportador.
- Para determinar el papel de este transportador en la absorción de glucosa inducida por la insulina.
Principales métodos:
- La clonación de un ADN complementario (ADNc) de una biblioteca de músculo esquelético.
- Expresión de ARN transcrito en ovocitos de Xenopus para evaluar la función de las proteínas.
- Análisis de la actividad de transporte de glucosa utilizando ensayos de absorción de 2-deoxiglucosa.
- Investigación de la localización del transportador en adipocitos aislados de rata utilizando fraccionamiento subcelular.
Principales resultados:
- Una nueva proteína transportadora de glucosa cDNA fue aislada del músculo esquelético.
- La proteína codificada se expresa exclusivamente en los tejidos sensibles a la insulina: el tejido adiposo, el músculo esquelético y el corazón.
- La expresión funcional en los ovocitos demostró el transporte de 2-deoxiglucosa inhibido por la citocalasina B.
- El tratamiento con insulina indujo la translocación de este transportador de los microsomas a la membrana plasmática en los adipocitos.
Conclusiones:
- Se ha identificado una nueva proteína transportadora de glucosa regulada por la insulina.
- Este transportador juega un papel importante en la mediación del transporte de glucosa estimulado por la insulina en los tejidos metabólicos clave.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan una visión molecular del mecanismo de acción de la insulina sobre la absorción de glucosa.
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