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Control talamico de la selección sensorial en la atención dividida
Ralf D Wimmer1, L Ian Schmitt1, Thomas J Davidson2
1New York University Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Nature
|October 28, 2015
Resumen
El cerebro selecciona las entradas sensoriales al sesgar los circuitos subcorticales. La corteza prefrontal (PFC) influye en el núcleo reticular del tálamo visual (visTRN) para controlar la ganancia sensorial y la atención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La neurociencia cognitiva
- Neurociencia de los sistemas
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza prefrontal (PFC) está implicada en las funciones ejecutivas, incluida la atención y la selección sensorial.
- Los circuitos neuronales precisos por los cuales el cerebro selecciona información sensorial relevante e ignora las distracciones siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
- Se hipotetiza que las interacciones entre el PFC y las áreas corticales sensoriales median la selección sensorial durante la atención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a la selección sensorial transversal.
- Para determinar el papel de las interacciones de la corteza prefrontal (PFC) en el control de la atención a los estímulos sensoriales.
- Para diseccionar los circuitos subcorticales involucrados en la priorización de entradas sensoriales específicas.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de una tarea de atención dividida en ratones.
- Perturbación optogenética de la función PFC durante la tarea de atención.
- Electrofisiología y fotometría de cloruro intracelular para estudiar la actividad neural.
- Manipulación optogenética bidireccional del núcleo reticular del tálamo visual (visTRN).
Principales resultados:
- La perturbación del PFC afectó la capacidad de seleccionar entre estímulos visuales y auditivos en conflicto.
- Los déficits conductuales dependieron de las interacciones de PFC con el tálamo sensorial, no con la corteza sensorial.
- Las neuronas en el núcleo reticular del tálamo visual (visTRN) mostraron cambios en la velocidad de disparo dependientes del PFC que predicen la modalidad seleccionada.
- La actividad visTRN estaba causalmente relacionada con el desempeño de la tarea.
Conclusiones:
- La corteza prefrontal (PFC) juega un papel crítico en la selección sensorial al sesgar los circuitos subcorticales.
- Se propone un nuevo modelo subcortical de selección sensorial, que implica la modulación PFC de las subredes reticulares tálamicas.
- La visTRN controla dinámicamente la ganancia sensorial del tálamo a través de la inhibición de la alimentación, seleccionando así las entradas sensoriales adecuadas.
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