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Cerrar el grifo: detener la transmisión de la tuberculosis mediante la detección activa de casos y el tratamiento
Courtney M Yuen1, Farhana Amanullah2, Ashwin Dharmadhikari1
1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 31, 2015
Resumen
Detener la transmisión de la tuberculosis requiere identificar a las personas infectadas y comenzar el tratamiento rápidamente. Las estrategias específicas de detección activa de casos son efectivas en las zonas de alta carga y pueden reducir significativamente la incidencia de la tuberculosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Control de las enfermedades infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- La epidemia mundial de tuberculosis (TB) requiere detener la transmisión para evitar nuevas infecciones.
- El diagnóstico rápido y el tratamiento efectivo son fundamentales para que las personas infecciosas no sean infecciosas.
- Los entornos de alta carga de TB a menudo se enfrentan a retrasos en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento debido a la falta de búsqueda activa de casos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de las estrategias activas de detección de casos en la transmisión de la tuberculosis.
- Evaluar el papel de la búsqueda activa de casos específicos en la reducción de la incidencia de la tuberculosis.
- Abogar por la integración de la búsqueda activa de casos en estrategias integrales de control de la tuberculosis.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los estudios que demuestran la eficacia de la búsqueda activa de casos en entornos de alta carga de TB.
- Análisis de las proyecciones de modelado matemático sobre el efecto de la detección de casos a nivel de población.
- Síntesis de la evidencia sobre estrategias para el inicio rápido y correcto del tratamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Varias estrategias activas de búsqueda de casos han demostrado ser efectivas en entornos de alta carga de TB.
- Los estudios y la modelización indican que la detección de casos activos dirigidos reduce la incidencia de la tuberculosis a nivel de la población.
- Las estrategias efectivas aseguran un diagnóstico rápido y un tratamiento correcto, lo que hace que las personas no sean infecciosas.
Conclusiones:
- La detección específica de casos activos es un componente crucial para el control de la epidemia mundial de tuberculosis.
- La implementación de la búsqueda activa de casos puede disminuir sustancialmente la incidencia de la tuberculosis.
- La integración de estas estrategias en esfuerzos de control más amplios es esencial para detener la transmisión de TB.
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