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Formación altamente selectiva de n-Butanol a partir del etanol a través del proceso de Guerbet: un enfoque catalítico

Sumit Chakraborty¹, Paige E Piszel¹, Cassandra E Hayes^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|November 4, 2015

Resumen

Un nuevo sistema catalítico en tándem convierte eficientemente el etanol en n-butanol utilizando iridio e hidróxidos voluminosos de níquel o cobre. Esta innovación en el proceso de Guerbet permite un funcionamiento a baja temperatura para una conversión de etanol mejorada.

Área de la Ciencia:

Catálisis
Química orgánica
Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

La reacción de Guerbet es un método crucial para sintetizar alcoholes más altos a partir de alcoholes primarios.
Los procesos Guerbet tradicionales a menudo requieren altas temperaturas y presiones, lo que limita su aplicabilidad industrial.
El desarrollo de catalizadores selectivos y eficientes para la conversión de etanol sigue siendo un desafío importante.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un sistema catalítico en tándem altamente selectivo para la conversión de etanol en n-butanol.
Investigar el papel de los hidróxidos de metales voluminosos en la catalización del paso de acoplamiento de aldol.
Para permitir el funcionamiento a temperaturas más bajas para el proceso de conversión de etanol a butanol.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizó un catalizador de iridio bifuncional para la deshidrogenación del etanol.
Se utilizan hidróxidos estéricos de níquel o cobre para catalizar el acoplamiento aldólico del acetaldehído.
Funcionó el sistema catalítico en tándem en condiciones optimizadas para una alta selectividad y rendimiento.

Principales resultados:

Se ha conseguido una conversión altamente selectiva (> 99%) del etanol en n-butanol.
Se ha demostrado la eficacia de la catálisis utilizando una combinación de iridio y hidróxidos voluminosos de níquel/cobre.
Produjo con éxito el producto de acoplamiento C4, crotonaldehído, exclusivamente.

Conclusiones:

El sistema catalítico en tándem desarrollado ofrece una ruta novedosa y eficiente para la síntesis de n-butanol a partir del etanol.
El uso de hidróxidos de metales voluminosos es clave para lograr una alta selectividad en la etapa de acoplamiento de aldol.
Este avance en el proceso permite un funcionamiento a menor temperatura, mejorando la eficiencia energética y el potencial de escala industrial.

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