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Dominación dependiente del sexo en un solo locus mantiene la variación de edad en la madurez en el salmón
Nicola J Barson1, Tutku Aykanat2, Kjetil Hindar3
1Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
Nature
|November 5, 2015
Resumen
Los investigadores identificaron el gen VGLL3 en el salmón atlántico, mostrando cómo su dominio dependiente del sexo resuelve el conflicto sexual sobre el tiempo de maduración. Este descubrimiento explica el mantenimiento de la diversidad genética y ayuda a gestionar las poblaciones de peces capturados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genética evolutiva
- Resolución de conflictos sexuales
- Genética de las poblaciones
Sus antecedentes:
- El antagonismo sexual, donde la selección difiere entre los sexos, impulsa la evolución de las arquitecturas genéticas que resuelven el conflicto.
- La identificación de los loci genéticos específicos que subyacen a los rasgos sexualmente antagónicos es crucial para comprender la evolución del genoma y mantener la diversidad genética.
- La edad en la madurez es un rasgo clave de aptitud en el salmón atlántico (Salmo salar), con presiones de selección opuestas en machos y hembras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar el locus genético que controla la edad de madurez en el salmón atlántico.
- Investigar el papel de la dominación dependiente del sexo en la resolución de conflictos sexuales intralocales.
- Comprender cómo este mecanismo genético mantiene la variación adaptativa en las poblaciones silvestres.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido de alta densidad de 57 poblaciones de salmón atlántico silvestre.
- Se empleó la re-secuenciación del genoma entero para identificar genes candidatos.
- Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo del locus del rasgo (QTL, por sus siglas en inglés) para determinar el locus genético.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó el gen vestigial del miembro 3 de la familia (VGLL3) como un locus de gran efecto que controla la edad en la madurez.
- VGLL3 exhibe un predominio dependiente del sexo, promoviendo una maduración más temprana en los machos y una maduración más tardía en las hembras.
- Este locus explicó el 39% de la variación fenotípica en la edad de madurez, un hallazgo significativo para un rasgo típicamente considerado poligénico.
Conclusiones:
- VGLL3 proporciona el primer ejemplo empírico de reversión de dominación que resuelve el conflicto sexual optimizando los fenotipos dentro de cada sexo.
- Este mecanismo contribuye a mantener la variación adaptativa en las estrategias reproductivas a través de grandes escalas geográficas.
- Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la gestión de poblaciones de peces capturados que experimentan cambios en el tiempo de maduración.
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