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Trampolín espontáneo de gotas en superficies rígidas superhidrofóbicas

Thomas M Schutzius¹, Stefan Jung¹, Tanmoy Maitra¹

¹Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

|November 6, 2015

Resumen

Las superficies superhidrófobas a baja presión hacen que las gotas de agua leviten y reboten, lo que permite la autolimpieza y el anticongelante. Este fenómeno, impulsado por una rápida vaporización, supera la adhesión superficial para una eliminación eficiente de las gotas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la superficie
Dinámica de fluidos
La termodinámica

Sus antecedentes:

La eliminación espontánea de la materia condensada es crucial para las tecnologías de autolimpieza, anticongelante y control de la condensación.
La comprensión de los mecanismos detrás de la eliminación espontánea de gotas es incompleta, lo que dificulta el diseño racional de la superficie.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el mecanismo de autoeliminación de las gotas de agua en superficies superhidrofóbicas en entornos de baja presión.
Para aclarar el papel de la vaporización, la textura de la superficie y las interacciones de la superficie de las gotas en la levitación y el rebote de las gotas.

Principales métodos:

Observación experimental del comportamiento de las gotas de agua en superficies texturizadas superhidrófobas.
Análisis de la dinámica de las gotas, incluidas las tasas de levitación, rebote y vaporización.
Investigación de la influencia de los entornos de baja presión en las interacciones entre las gotas y la superficie.

Principales resultados:

Las gotas de agua en superficies superhidrófobas a baja presión exhiben levitación espontánea y rebotes similares a los de un trampolín.
Las colisiones de gotas con la superficie muestran coeficientes de restitución mayores que la unidad debido a la sobrepresión de vapor generada por la vaporización rápida.
El enfriamiento inducido por la vaporización puede desencadenar la congelación de las gotas superenfriadas, aumentando la levitación y permitiendo la eliminación espontánea del hielo.

Conclusiones:

La textura de la superficie puede inducir interacciones entre las gotas y la superficie que impiden la retención de gotas de agua líquida y congelada.
El fenómeno observado, impulsado por la vaporización y el flujo de vapor restringido, ofrece un mecanismo novedoso para las superficies de autolimpieza y anti-hielo.
Aunque actualmente se limita a entornos de baja presión, este estudio proporciona información sobre el control del comportamiento de las gotas en superficies diseñadas.

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