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La actividad física y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria y accidente cerebrovascular en adultos mayores: el estudio de

Luisa Soares-Miranda¹, David S Siscovick², Bruce M Psaty²

¹From Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal (L.S.-M.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (D.S.S., B.M.P., W.T.L.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle (D.S.S., B.M.P.); New York Academy of Medicine, New York (D.S.S.); Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (B.M.P.); Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle (W.T.L.); and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.). soaresmiranda@fade.up.pt.

|November 6, 2015

Resumen

La actividad física regular, especialmente caminar, reduce significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en los adultos mayores, incluidos los mayores de 75 años. El caminar rápido ofrece una protección sustancial contra las enfermedades cardíacas y los accidentes cerebrovasculares.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerontología
Salud cardiovascular
La medicina preventiva

Sus antecedentes:

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son una preocupación importante para los adultos mayores.
Se recomienda la actividad física (AP) para la prevención de ECV, pero los datos en adultos mayores de 75 años son limitados.
Las disminuciones relacionadas con la edad pueden requerir enfocarse en ejercicios accesibles como caminar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la asociación a largo plazo entre la actividad física y la incidencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos mayores.
Evaluar específicamente el papel de la caminata en la reducción del riesgo de ECV en este grupo demográfico.

Principales métodos:

Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 4207 adultos estadounidenses (edad media de 73 años) libres de ECV al inicio del estudio.
La actividad física, incluido el ritmo y la intensidad de la marcha, se evaluó y actualizó anualmente durante un seguimiento de 10 años.
Los eventos cardiovasculares incidentes (infarto de miocardio, muerte coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular) se adjudicaron a través de los registros médicos.

Principales resultados:

Una mayor actividad física se asoció inversamente con la enfermedad coronaria, el accidente cerebrovascular y la ECV total, incluso en adultos de 75 años o más.
Un ritmo de caminata más alto (por ejemplo, > 3 mph frente a < 2 mph) redujo significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular y ECV en general.
La actividad en el tiempo libre y la intensidad del ejercicio también demostraron un efecto protector contra los eventos de ECV.

Conclusiones:

La evidencia empírica apoya las recomendaciones de actividad física para la reducción de enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos mayores.
Caminar, con diferentes intensidades y duraciones, es un componente clave en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares en las personas mayores.
Estos hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de promover el caminar para la salud cardiovascular en las poblaciones de edad avanzada.

Palabras clave:

envejecido Enfermedades cardiovasculares ejercicio Prevención y control

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