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Las bacterias anaeróbicas patógenas de las plantas utilizan policetidas aromáticas para acceder al territorio
Gulimila Shabuer1, Keishi Ishida1, Sacha J Pidot2
1Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 7, 2015
Resumen
Los patógenos vegetales como el Clostridium puniceum causan una pérdida significativa de las cosechas. Estas bacterias producen clostrubinas, que son antibióticos que les ayudan a sobrevivir en entornos oxigenados, reduciendo las enfermedades de las plantas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Patología vegetal
- Microbiología
- Metabolomía
Sus antecedentes:
- Aproximadamente el 25% de los alimentos vegetales mundiales se pierden debido a enfermedades infecciosas de las plantas.
- Los cultivos cosechados, en particular los tubérculos de patata, son susceptibles a la descomposición por bacterias anaerobias, como el Clostridium puniceum, especialmente en condiciones húmedas.
- Comprender los mecanismos de supervivencia de los patógenos vegetales es crucial para el manejo de las enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las capacidades metabólicas de Clostridium puniceum relevantes para la patogénesis de las plantas.
- Identificar y caracterizar los nuevos metabolitos producidos por esta bacteria anaeróbica.
- Aclarar el papel funcional de estos metabolitos en la supervivencia de los patógenos y las enfermedades de las plantas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genómico para identificar el locus genético responsable de la producción de metabolitos (policetida sintasa tipo II).
- Análisis metabólico para aislar e identificar los compuestos policetídicos producidos (clostrubinas).
- Ensayos antimicrobianos para determinar la actividad de las clostrubinas contra otros patógenos microbianos de las plantas.
Principales resultados:
- El Clostridium puniceum posee un locus genético de la poliquetida sintasa tipo II.
- Este locus produce metabolitos poliquetídicos únicos llamados clostrubinas.
- Las clostrubinas exhiben propiedades antibióticas contra otros patógenos vegetales microbianos y facilitan la supervivencia de Clostridium puniceum en entornos ricos en oxígeno.
Conclusiones:
- Las clostrubinas son nuevos antibióticos producidos por el patógeno vegetal Clostridium puniceum.
- Estos metabolitos confieren una ventaja de supervivencia a las bacterias anaerobias en los tejidos vegetales aeróbicos.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los mecanismos de patogenicidad de Clostridium puniceum y objetivos potenciales para controlar la descomposición de los tubérculos de patata.
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