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Descubrimiento de la aurora difusa en Marte

N M Schneider¹, J I Deighan², S K Jain²

¹Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. nick.schneider@lasp.colorado.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 7, 2015

Resumen

Marte exhibe auroras profundas y extendidas causadas por partículas energéticas solares que penetran en su atmósfera. Estas auroras difusas, detectadas por la nave espacial Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN), se extienden más abajo de lo observado anteriormente en cualquier planeta.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias
Física de la atmósfera
Física del espacio

Sus antecedentes:

Las auroras planetarias son indicadores clave de las interacciones entre la atmósfera y el plasma.
Marte posee una atmósfera delgada y un campo magnético global débil, lo que hace que sus procesos aurorales sean distintos a los de la Tierra.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para informar sobre el descubrimiento de auroras difusas a baja altitud en Marte.
Para investigar la conexión entre eventos de partículas energéticas solares y auroras marcianas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizando el instrumento de espectrógrafo ultravioleta de imágenes (IUS) en la nave espacial Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN).
Analizando datos de detección remota de las emisiones aurorales a través del hemisferio norte de Marte.

Principales resultados:

Se detectaron emisiones difusas de auroras en casi todas las longitudes nocturnas durante aproximadamente cinco días.
Las emisiones aurorales alcanzaron altitudes tan bajas como 60 km (1 microbar), más profundas que las confirmadas anteriormente en cualquier planeta.
Las auroras coincidieron con una explosión de partículas energéticas solares (SEP), con partículas de hasta 200 keV observadas.

Conclusiones:

Las partículas energéticas solares son responsables de excitar las auroras marcianas observadas a baja altitud.
El campo magnético mínimo de Marte probablemente facilita más exhibiciones de auroras globales en comparación con la Tierra.
Estos hallazgos mejoran nuestra comprensión de la dinámica atmosférica y el clima espacial en Marte.

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