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La tectónica de placas en la Tierra desencadenada por el inicio de la subducción inducida por pluma
T V Gerya1, R J Stern2, M Baes3
1Department of Earth Sciences, ETH-Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|November 13, 2015
Resumen
La Tierra temprana
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Tectónica
- Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- Los orígenes de la tectónica de placas de la Tierra y la subducción siguen siendo poco conocidos.
- Los mecanismos tectónicos previos a la placa para el inicio de la subducción probablemente difieren significativamente de los procesos modernos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la viabilidad de la iniciación de la subducción inducida por plumas como mecanismo para el inicio de la tectónica de placas.
- Identificar los factores físicos clave que controlan la subducción autosuficiente.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un modelado termomecánico numérico tridimensional de alta resolución.
- Las simulaciones exploraron la interacción de las plumas del manto con la litosfera oceánica.
Principales resultados:
- El inicio de la subducción autosostenida requiere una litosfera oceánica fuerte y negativamente flotante.
- El debilitamiento magmático por encima de un penacho y la lubricación hidratada de la corteza son críticos.
- La subducción inducida por pluma era factible para las placas oceánicas antiguas en una Tierra temprana más caliente.
Conclusiones:
- Las columnas del manto podrían haber iniciado las primeras zonas de subducción en la Tierra primitiva.
- Las placas oceánicas más jóvenes favorecieron las gotas litosféricas sobre la subducción sostenida, lo que impidió el inicio de la tectónica de placas global.
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