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Un enfoque en la adolescencia para reducir la discapacidad neurológica, mental y por consumo de sustancias

Leslie L Davidson¹, Elena L Grigorenko², Michael J Boivin³

¹Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, Mailman School of Public Health and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street Room 1613, New York, New York 10032, USA.

|November 19, 2015

Resumen

Dar prioridad a la investigación sobre el autocontrol de los adolescentes es vital para prevenir los trastornos neurológicos, la salud mental y el uso de sustancias. Esto es especialmente crítico en los países de ingresos bajos y medios que enfrentan amenazas ambientales significativas para el desarrollo neurológico.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Psicología del desarrollo
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

La adolescencia es un período crítico para desarrollar el autocontrol y la regulación, esencial para el comportamiento adaptativo y la participación social.
El fracaso en el desarrollo del autocontrol puede conducir a la violencia, las lesiones y los trastornos, lo que dificulta la transición a la edad adulta.
Las amenazas ambientales en los países de ingresos bajos y medios plantean riesgos únicos para el desarrollo neurológico y la autorregulación de los adolescentes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Resaltar la necesidad urgente de investigación para reducir los trastornos neurológicos, de salud mental y de consumo de sustancias en adolescentes a nivel mundial.
Enfatizar la importancia de comprender el desarrollo del autocontrol dentro de marcos socioecológicos, particularmente en entornos con recursos limitados.
Solicitar el desarrollo y la adaptación de evaluaciones apropiadas para el bienestar y los trastornos de los adolescentes.

Principales métodos:

Este estudio es una revisión y síntesis de los conocimientos existentes sobre el autocontrol adolescente y los trastornos relacionados.
Examina el impacto de los factores socioecológicos en el desarrollo neurológico y las capacidades reguladoras.
La investigación hace hincapié en la necesidad de herramientas de evaluación adaptadas a diversas poblaciones.

Principales resultados:

El autocontrol adolescente es crucial para prevenir resultados negativos como la violencia y los trastornos.
Las adversidades ambientales en los países de ingresos bajos y medios afectan significativamente el desarrollo neurológico y la autorregulación de los adolescentes.
Las herramientas actuales de investigación y evaluación son insuficientes para muchos adolescentes, especialmente en entornos de alta amenaza.

Conclusiones:

Hay una necesidad crítica de dar prioridad a la investigación e intervenciones para los trastornos neurológicos, de salud mental y de uso de sustancias de los adolescentes.
Se requieren estrategias innovadoras para abordar los desafíos socioecológicos y promover la autorregulación en las poblaciones adolescentes vulnerables.
El desarrollo de evaluaciones culturalmente apropiadas es esencial para un diagnóstico preciso y una intervención efectiva.

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