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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
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Gestión del nitrógeno para el desarrollo sostenible

Xin Zhang1,2, Eric A Davidson3, Denise L Mauzerall1,4

  • 1Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

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|November 24, 2015
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Resumen

La mejora de la eficiencia del uso del nitrógeno (NUE) en la agricultura es clave para la seguridad alimentaria mundial y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Este estudio analiza los patrones históricos de NUE y propone objetivos regionales para satisfacer las futuras demandas de alimentos al tiempo que apoya los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias Agrícolas
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Socioeconomía

Sus antecedentes:

  • La mejora de la eficiencia del uso del nitrógeno (NUE) en la producción de cultivos es crucial para la seguridad alimentaria y la mitigación de los impactos ambientales.
  • Los avances tecnológicos por sí solos son insuficientes; los factores socioeconómicos influyen significativamente en las NUE y requieren una comprensión más profunda.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las tendencias históricas en la eficiencia del uso de nitrógeno agrícola en diversos contextos nacionales.
  • Proponer objetivos de uso de nitrógeno específicos de cada región y cultivo para 2050.
  • Identificar las políticas socioeconómicas y las innovaciones tecnológicas para lograr una agricultura sostenible.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los patrones históricos de uso del nitrógeno y de los enfoques de desarrollo agrícola.
  • Examen de las estrategias nacionales para el desarrollo agrícola y el control de la contaminación.
  • Modelación de escenarios de uso del nitrógeno para proyectar las demandas futuras y los objetivos de sostenibilidad.

Principales resultados:

  • Existen variaciones significativas en las estrategias nacionales de desarrollo agrícola y en los niveles de contaminación por nitrógeno asociados.
  • Se proponen objetivos basados en datos para el uso de nitrógeno para diferentes regiones geográficas y tipos de cultivos.
  • Las políticas socioeconómicas clave y las innovaciones tecnológicas se identifican como factores facilitadores cruciales.

Conclusiones:

  • El logro de la seguridad alimentaria y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2050 requiere enfoques integrados que aborden tanto la tecnología como los factores socioeconómicos.
  • Las estrategias regionales y específicas de los cultivos son esenciales para optimizar el uso del nitrógeno.
  • Las intervenciones políticas y la innovación son vitales para mejorar la NUE y garantizar una agricultura sostenible a nivel mundial.