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Nitrificación completa por un solo microorganismo

Maartje A H J van Kessel1, Daan R Speth1, Mads Albertsen2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

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|November 27, 2015
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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores descubrieron la oxidación completa del amoníaco (comammox) en las bacterias Nitrospira, un proceso que antes se creía imposible. Este hallazgo redefine nuestra comprensión del ciclo del nitrógeno y el metabolismo microbiano.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • Biogeoquímica
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente

Sus antecedentes:

  • La nitrificación es un proceso clave de dos pasos en el ciclo del nitrógeno, que involucra a microorganismos oxidantes de amoníaco y oxidantes de nitrito.
  • La oxidación completa del amoníaco (comammox) era teóricamente posible, pero los organismos que la realizaban seguían sin descubrirse.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Descubrir y caracterizar los microorganismos capaces de una oxidación completa del amoníaco.
  • Para investigar las enzimas y la base genética para el comammox.

Principales métodos:

  • Enriquecimiento y aislamiento de nuevos microorganismos.
  • Análisis genómico para identificar las enzimas clave.
  • Análisis filogenético de las enzimas de la monooxigenasa de amoníaco (AMO).

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron dos especies de Nitrospira capaces de una oxidación completa del amoníaco.
  • Estos organismos poseen enzimas AMO únicas, distintas de los oxidantes de amoníaco conocidos.
  • Se reconocieron secuencias de amoA clasificadas erróneamente en bases de datos públicas como pertenecientes a la bacteria comammox.

Conclusiones:

  • El descubrimiento de comammox en Nitrospira cambia fundamentalmente la comprensión del ciclo del nitrógeno.
  • Este hallazgo tiene implicaciones para la ecología microbiana, el ciclo biogeoquímico y la evolución de las vías metabólicas.