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Cambios en el régimen de plancton a escala milenaria en el Océano Pacífico Norte subtropical
Kelton W McMahon1, Matthew D McCarthy2, Owen A Sherwood3
1Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. Institute for Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 28, 2015
Resumen
Las comunidades de fitoplancton marino han cambiado en el último milenio, con cambios recientes que potencialmente mitigan el aumento de los niveles de dióxido de carbono. Este estudio revela distintos regímenes de plancton relacionados con los cambios climáticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoceanografía
- Ecología marina
- Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El cambio climático tiene un impacto en los ecosistemas marinos, afectando a las comunidades de fitoplancton, la productividad del océano, la biogeoquímica y la bomba biológica.
- Comprender la dinámica del plancton en el pasado es crucial para predecir las respuestas futuras de los ecosistemas al cambio climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir registros de alta resolución de la composición de la comunidad de plancton marino en el Pacífico Norte durante el último milenio.
- Identificar los cambios en los regímenes de plancton y su correlación con los períodos climáticos del hemisferio norte.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron registros de aminoácidos δ(13) C específicos conservados en corales de aguas profundas de larga vida.
- Los cambios en la composición de la comunidad de plancton analizados en los últimos 1000 años.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó tres regímenes distintos de plancton que corresponden a la Anomalía Climática Medieval, la Pequeña Edad de Hielo y la era industrial.
- Se observó un cambio del dominio de las cianobacterias no fijadoras de nitrógeno a las microalgas eucariotas durante la Pequeña Edad de Hielo.
- Documentó un aumento sin precedentes en la producción de cianobacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno durante la era industrial.
Conclusiones:
- La composición de la comunidad de plancton en el pasado varió significativamente en respuesta al cambio climático.
- El reciente cambio hacia las cianobacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno puede representar un mecanismo de retroalimentación negativa en el aumento de las concentraciones de dióxido de carbono atmosférico.
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