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Actividad espontánea de las células ciliadas cocleares desencadenadas por el mecanismo de secreción de líquido en las
Han Chin Wang1, Chun-Chieh Lin1, Rockie Chong1
1Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, WBSB 1001, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Cell
|December 3, 2015
Resumen
La liberación de ATP de las células de apoyo en la cóclea en desarrollo desencadena la actividad del canal de cloruro, causando la contracción celular y la excitación de las neuronas auditivas. Este proceso es crucial para la maduración del sistema auditivo antes de que comience la audición.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Biología celular
- Desarrollo del sistema auditivo
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad neuronal espontánea es vital para el desarrollo y la conectividad del sistema sensorial.
- En el sistema auditivo, la actividad de las células ciliadas internas (IHC), impulsada por el ATP de las células de apoyo internas (ISC), madura las vías centrales antes del inicio de la audición.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el mecanismo por el cual las células de soporte interno (CSI) liberan ATP e inducen la actividad espontánea en el desarrollo de las neuronas cocleares.
- Aclarar el papel de los canales de cloruro activados por el calcio TMEM16A en este proceso.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la deleción genética de TMEM16A en un modelo de ratón.
- Se midió la actividad espontánea de los IHC y las neuronas del ganglio espiral.
- Se observó una contracción celular dependiente del ATP en las células de soporte.
Principales resultados:
- La unión de ATP a los autorreceptores purinérgicos en las CSI abre los canales TMEM16A, lo que lleva al eflujo de cloruro y potasio.
- Este eflujo causa la contracción del ISC y la despolarización transitoria de los IHC cercanos.
- La deleción genética de TMEM16A redujo significativamente la IHC y la actividad de las neuronas ganglionares espirales e impidió el encogimiento celular de apoyo.
Conclusiones:
- Las células de apoyo cocleares en desarrollo emplean una vía similar a la secreción de fluidos que involucra a TMEM16A para inducir la excitación periódica de las células ciliadas.
- Este mecanismo es crítico para la maduración del sistema auditivo antes de la audición funcional.
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