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Válvula aórtica cuadricúspide: características, anomalías cardiovasculares estructurales asociadas y resultados
Michael Y C Tsang1, Muaz M Abudiab1, Naser M Ammash1
1From Divisions of Cardiovascular Diseases (M.Y.C.T., N.M.A., V.T.N., P.A.P.) and Anatomic Pathology (W.D.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (M.M.A., T.Z.N.).
Circulation
|December 5, 2015
Resumen
La válvula aórtica cuadricúspide (VAC), un defecto raro, ocurre en el 0,006% de los pacientes. Las condiciones asociadas como la dilatación aórtica y la regurgitación son comunes, pero la supervivencia a largo plazo sigue siendo excelente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Defectos congénitos del corazón
- La ecocardiografía
Sus antecedentes:
- La válvula aórtica cuadricúspide (QAV) es un defecto cardíaco congénito raro.
- Comprender su prevalencia, las anomalías asociadas y los resultados a largo plazo es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la frecuencia del QAV en una gran base de datos de ecocardiografía.
- Caracterizar las anomalías cardiovasculares asociadas en pacientes con AVQ.
- Describa los resultados a largo plazo para las personas diagnosticadas con AVQ.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de una gran base de datos de ecocardiografía.
- Inclusión de pacientes diagnosticados con QAV entre el 1 de enero de 1975 y el 14 de marzo de 2014.
- Evaluación de los tipos de QAV, anomalías cardíacas asociadas y datos de seguimiento del paciente.
Principales resultados:
- Se diagnosticó QAV en 50 pacientes, lo que representa una frecuencia del 0,006%.
- La dilatación aórtica (29%) y la regurgitación aórtica moderada a grave (26%) fueron hallazgos comunes.
- Otras anomalías cardíacas estuvieron presentes en el 32% de los pacientes; 8 pacientes requirieron cirugía de válvula aórtica, principalmente por regurgitación severa.
Conclusiones:
- La dilatación aórtica y otras anomalías cardíacas estructurales son relativamente comunes en pacientes con AVQ.
- La regurgitación de la válvula aórtica es el principal problema hemodinámico y la indicación quirúrgica.
- La supervivencia a largo plazo de los pacientes con QAV es excelente, con un 91,5% a los 5 años y un 87,7% a los 10 años.
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