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Nucleoapzymes: Conjugados del sitio de unión de la enzima-aptámero de la hemina / G-cuadruplex con funciones

Eyal Golub¹, H Bauke Albada¹, Wei-Ching Liao¹

¹Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Biohybrid Complex Systems, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|December 15, 2015

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron nucleoenzimas, combinando ADNenzimas y aptameros, para aumentar significativamente la eficiencia catalítica. Este nuevo diseño concentra sustratos, mejorando reacciones como la oxidación de dopamina y L-arginina hasta 20 veces.

Área de la Ciencia:

Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Ingeniería de catálisis y enzimas
Química de los ácidos nucleicos

Sus antecedentes:

Las enzimas de ADN son ácidos nucleicos catalíticos con aplicaciones potenciales en biosensing y terapia.
La mejora de la eficiencia catalítica y la especificidad del sustrato de las enzimas de ADN sigue siendo un desafío clave.
Los aptámeres son moléculas de ADN o ARN que se unen a objetivos específicos, ofreciendo capacidades de reconocimiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Introducir una estructura híbrida novedosa, denominada nucleoapzima, mediante la conjugación de secuencias de reconocimiento de ADN (aptámeres) con las ADNzimas catalíticas.
Investigar el aumento de la actividad catalítica de las nucleoapsimas debido a la concentración en el sustrato.
Demostrar la versatilidad de las nucleoenzimas en la catalización de reacciones de oxidación específicas.

Principales métodos:

Conjugación de varias secuencias de aptamer a las ADN enzimas hemina/G-cuadruplex.
Caracterización de la actividad catalítica de la nucleoapzima en las reacciones de oxidación mediadas por H2O2.
Utilizando simulaciones de dinámica molecular para analizar las relaciones estructura-actividad de la nucleoapzima.

Principales resultados:

Las nucleoapzimas mostraron actividades catalíticas significativamente mejoradas en comparación con las unidades individuales de ADNzima y aptamer.
La nucleoapzima más activa demostró un aumento de hasta 20 veces en la eficiencia catalítica.
Se ha demostrado la oxidación quiroselectiva de L- frente a D-DOPA y la oxidación de N-hidroxi-L-arginina.

Conclusiones:

Las nucleoenzimas representan una estrategia prometedora para el diseño de catalizadores altamente eficientes basados en ADNenzimas.
El diseño modular permite diversas aplicaciones mediante la variación de los componentes de aptamer y DNAzyme.
Este enfoque ofrece una plataforma poderosa para el desarrollo de nuevos biocatalizadores con funciones adaptadas.

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